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Biblos-e Archivo
Bachelor thesis . 2017
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Bachelor thesis . 2017
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Lactancia materna en prematuros

Authors: Mayans Fernández, Estefanía;

Lactancia materna en prematuros

Abstract

Introducción. La lactancia materna es la alimentación recomendada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud desde el nacimiento hasta los 2 años de edad para cualquier recién nacido. Para los prematuros el objetivo de la nutrición es conseguir una ganancia de peso adecuada como lo hubiera obtenido dentro del útero. La lactancia materna es la alimentación ideal, pero en ocasiones difícil de establecer; existiendo otras opciones como la leche procedente de bancos de leche o la leche artificial de fórmula. Objetivos. Los propósitos de esta revisión narrativa son conocer los tipos de alimentación de los neonatos prematuros y analizar el papel que desempeña el profesional de enfermería en la nutrición de estos recién nacidos. Material y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las siguientes bases de datos: Pubmed, Cuiden, Cinahl, Web of Science, Biblioteca Virtual de la Salud, ENFISPO, Dialnet y en los repositorios de las Universidades de Granada y Alicante. La búsqueda se limitó a 10 años y a artículos escritos en inglés y español. Resultados y discusión. Se analizaron 24 artículos en total, 20 escritos en inglés y 4 en español. Estos fueron agrupados en dos apartados para su análisis y discusión: 1) factores que condicionan el establecimiento y seguimiento de la lactancia en prematuros y 2) alimentación más adecuada para prematuros, comparando los diferentes tipos de leche. Conclusiones. La leche de la propia madre es la que más beneficios produce al prematuro, aunque existe bastante dificultad en su establecimiento. Tanto el establecimiento como el mantenimiento de la lactancia materna puede mejorarse con el apoyo que ofrecen los profesionales de enfermería. En caso de no poder optar por lactancia materna se pueden utilizar leche donada o leche artificial de fórmula, siendo más beneficiosa la primera. Con la leche donada se consigue reducir el desarrollo de enterocolitis necrotizante, que es una patología asociada a la prematuridad. Con la leche de fórmula se conseguirá un crecimiento y ganancia de peso más rápida a corto plazo, pero aumenta el riesgo de desarrollo de infecciones. Además, contribuye al desarrollo de enfermedades cardiometabólicas a largo plazo.

Introduction. Breastfeeding is the feeding recommended by the World Health Organization from birth to 2 years of age for any newborn. For premature infants, the objective of nutrition is to achieve an adequate weight gain as it would have obtained inside the uterus. Breastfeeding is the ideal feeding, but sometimes difficult to establish; there are other options such as milk from milk banks or formula milk. Objetive. The purpose of this narrative review is to know the types of feeding of preterm infants and to analyze the role of the nursing professional in the nutrition of these newborns. Material and Methods. A bibliographic search was carried out in the following databases: Pubmed, Cuiden, Cinahl, Web of Science, Virtual Health Library, ENFISPO, Dialnet and in the repositories of the Universities of Granada and Alicante. The search was limited to 10 years and articles written in English and Spanish. Results and discussion. We analyzed 24 articles in total, 20 written in English and 4 in Spanish. These were grouped into two sections for analysis and discussion: 1) factors that determine the establishment and follow-up of breastfeeding in premature infants and 2) more adequate feeding for premature infants, comparing different types of milk. Conclusion. Mother’s own milk is the one that gives the most benefits to the premature, although there is enough difficulty in establishing it. Both the establishment and maintenance of breastfeeding can be improved with the support offered by nursing professionals. In case of not being able to opt for breastfeeding can be used donor human milk or artificial milk of formula, being more benefits the first one. With donor human milk, it is possible to reduce the development of necrotizing enterocolitis, which is a pathology associated with prematurity. With formula milk will achieve faster growth and weight gain in the short term, but increases the risk of developing infections. In addition, it contributes to the development of cardiometabolic diseases in the long term.

Trabajo fin de grado en Enfermería

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Keywords

Lactancia materna, Breastfeeding, Nursing care, Leche donada, Banco de leche, Prematuridad, Alimentación prematuro, Leche de fórmula, Formula milk, Milk bank, Premature feeding, Cuidados de enfermería, Enfermería, Donor human milk, Prematurity

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green