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Biblos-e Archivo
Doctoral thesis . 2015
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Identificación de nuevos mecanismos patogénicos de la inflamación renal por inhibidores de calcineurina

Authors: Ocaña Salceda, Carlos;

Identificación de nuevos mecanismos patogénicos de la inflamación renal por inhibidores de calcineurina

Abstract

La inflamación es un importante factor patogénico de la enfermedad renal y como tal constituye un potencial objetivo terapéutico. En este trabajo de tesis nos propusimos caracterizar los mecanismos moleculares de la nefrotoxicidad de los inhibidores de calcineurina. Los inhibidores de calcineurina son unos fármacos inmunosupresores ampliamente utilizados en diversos contextos clínicos cuya toxicidad limitante de dosis es renal. En concreto hipotetizamos que la inducción de una respuesta inflamatoria puede contribuir a inducir o amplificar el daño renal. Nos propusimos identificar mediadores moleculares y mecanismos de la inflamación renal producida por los inhibidores de calcineurina para desarrollas nuevas aproximaciones terapéuticas. En células cultivadas hemos observado que tanto ciclosporina como tacrolimus inducen la expresión de genes que codifican citoquinas proinflamatorias y moléculas de adhesión en células tubulares renales y células endoteliales. El efecto proinflamatorio de los inhibidores de calcineurina está mediado por la receptor de inmunidad innata TLR4 y el reclutamiento de las vías de señalización intracelular IκBα/NF-κB, JNK y JAK/STAT. El adaptador MyD88 es necesario para la señalización de TLR4. La represión de la expresión de calcineurina mediante silenciamiento génico limitó la señalización por la ruta de JNK y por la rama adaptada por TRIF en la señalización por TLR4. Los efectos proinflamatorios tempranos de los inhibidores de calcineurina son reproducibles in vivo, en ratones a los que se les administró ciclosporina. El tratamiento de estos animales con un inhibidor farmacológico de TLR4 redujo la respuesta inflamatoria y el daño tubular. En conclusión, los inhibidores de calcineurina desencadenan una respuesta inflamatoria en células renales y activación endotelial a través del reclutamiento de diversas rutas de señalización dependientes del receptor de inmunidad innata TLR4. TLR4 es una posible diana terapéutica para prevenir los efectos nefrotóxicos de estos fármacos

Inflammation is an important pathogenic factor in kidney disease and constitutes a potential therapeutic target. In this thesis work, we focused on the characterization of the molecular mechanisms of nephrotoxicity induced by calcineurin inhibitors. Calcineurin inhibitors are immunesuppressant drugs whose dose limiting factor is nephrotoxicity. We hypothesized that induction of an inflammatory response may contribute to promote or amplify nephrotoxic kidney injury. We aimed to identify molecular mediators and characterize the molecular mechanisms of kidney inflammation in response to calcineurin inhibitors in order to develop novel therapeutic strategies. In cultured cells we have observed that both cyclosporine and tacrolimus induce the expression of genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules in kidney tubular and endothelial cells. The proinflammatory effect of calcineurin inhibitors requires the activation of the innate immunity receptor TLR4 and TLR4-dependent signallign pathways including IκBα/NF-κB, JNK and JAK/STAT. Silencing of the MyD88 adaptor protein via specific siRNA confirms the requirement for MyD88. Silencing calcineurin partially inhibited the inflammatory response and signaling through JNK and the TRIF branch of the TLR4 pathway. We confirmed the early proinflammatory effects of calcineurin inhibitors in vivo in kidneys of mice treated with cyclosporine. A pharmacological inhibitor of the TLR4 reduced the magnitude of the inflammatory response and tubular damage. In conclusion, calcineurin inhibitors induce inflammation and endothelial activation through the engagement of several innate immunity receptor TLR4-dependent signaling pathways. TLR4 is a possible therapeutic target to prevent anticalcineurin nephrotoxicity.

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Farmacología. Fecha de lectura: 26-06-2015

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Medicina, Riñones - Enfermedades - Diagnóstico - Tesis doctorales

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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