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DIGITAL.CSIC
Doctoral thesis . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: DIGITAL.CSIC
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Biblos-e Archivo
Doctoral thesis . 2015
Data sources: Biblos-e Archivo
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Superenrollamiento, encadenamiento y anudamiento del DNA en procariotas y ecuariotas

Authors: Cebrián Castillo, Jorge;

Superenrollamiento, encadenamiento y anudamiento del DNA en procariotas y ecuariotas

Abstract

[ES] En la presente tesis hemos analizado diferentes aspectos de la topología del DNA en bacterias y levaduras. Para optimizar la separación de topoisómeros de DNA plasmídico de igual masa total pero que difieren en su grado de superenrollamiento, encadenamiento o anudamiento, variamos sistemáticamente las condiciones de electroforesis bidimensional en geles de agarosa. Las diferencias observadas nos permiten mejorar las ondiciones para su identificación y separación. También abordamos la dinámica de la topología del DNA durante la replicación, concretamente, el posible giro de las horquillas durante la replicación y la consecuente formación de pre-encadenados. Una vez aislado el DNA, las horquillas pueden girar libremente in vitro permitiendo la difusión de la tensión torsional de la región no replicada a la ya replicada (y viceversa) logrando un equilibrio termodinámico. Examinamos los intermediarios de replicación (RIs) de tres plásmidos bacterianos con la horquilla detenida en diferentes posiciones y aislados de células con la Topoisomerasa IV (Topo IV) activa o inactiva in vivo. Los resultados obtenidos indican que los RIs están más torsionados cuando se aíslan de células sin Topo IV. Esta observación sugiere que las horquillas giran in vivo dando lugar a la formación de pre-encadenados a lo largo de la replicación. Finalmente, estudiamos los intermediarios y productos de replicación de minicromosomas artificiales de levaduras (YACs) circulares y lineales en presencia y en ausencia de la Topoisomerasa 2 (Topo 2). Los resultados obtenidos confirman que en ausencia de Topo 2 los YACs circulares se acumulan en forma de encadenados mientras que los YACs lineales son capaces de replicar y segregar. Los patrones de los RIs de los YACs circulares y lineales mostraron diferencias significativas que indican que el superenrollamiento del DNA podría desempeñar un papel clave en la modulación de la progresión de las horquillas de replicación.

[EN] In the present thesis, we have analyzed different aspects of the DNA topology in bacteria and yeast. We systematically varied conditions of two-dimensional (2D) agarose gel electrophoresis to optimize separation of DNA topoisomers where each member had the same total molecular mass but they differ either by the extent of supercoiling, the extent of catenation or the extent of knotting. The differences observed in the different families of topoisomers during electrophoresis permitted us to optimize conditions for their separation. We address the dynamics of DNA topology during replication. Swiveling of the fork and formation of precatenanes in vivo is still questioned. Anyway, once DNA is isolated, forks do rotate freely in vitro allowing diffusion of the torsional tension from the replicated to the unreplicated region and vice versa to achieve thermodynamic equilibrium. We examined the replication intermediates (RIs) of three bacterial plasmids with the fork stalled at different sites before termination and isolated from cells where the Topoisomerase IV (Topo IV) is active or inactive in vivo. The results obtained indicated that RIs were more torsionally tensioned when isolated from cells without Topo IV. This observation strongly suggests that forks do swivel in vivo leading to the formation of precatenanes as replication progresses. Finally, we study the RIs and final products of small circular and linear minichromosomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (YACs) in the presence and absence of DNA Topoisomerase 2 (Topo 2). The results obtained confirmed that whereas for circular YACs catenated sister duplexes accumulated in the absence of Topo 2, linear YACs were able to replicate and segregate regardless of this topoisomerase. Moreover, the patterns of RIs for circular and linear YACs displayed significant differences suggesting that DNA supercoiling might play a key role in the modulation of replication fork progression.

Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad [BFU2011-22489.]

184 pag.; 46 figs; material supl.: 6 tab;

Peer reviewed

Country
Spain
Keywords

Aislamiento de DNA, Topoisomerasa IV, Ecuariotas - Tesis doctorales, ADN - Síntesis - Tesis doctorales, Medicina, Replicación de DNA, Procariotas - Tesis doctorales, Plásmidos bacterianos

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selected citations
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
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