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Retinopatía por hidroxicloroquina: nuevas evidencias y recomendaciones

Authors: Rodríguez Ferrer, José Manuel; Sáez Moreno, José Antonio; Rodríguez-Hurtado, Francisco;

Retinopatía por hidroxicloroquina: nuevas evidencias y recomendaciones

Abstract

La retinopatía por hidroxicloroquina es una patología que, aunque afecta a un número pequeño de las personas tratadas con este fármaco, tiene la importancia de que las alteraciones maculares que produce son permanentes. En la actualidad, la retinopatía por hidroxicloroquina no tiene tratamiento y la única actividad terapéutica es la retirada del fármaco. Una vez instaurada la retinopatía, el cese de la administración de hidroxicloroquina no conlleva mejoría y en algunos pacientes el deterioro visual puede seguir avanzando durante un año o más. Por ello, la detección precoz de la retinopatía por hidroxicloroquina, cuando las alteraciones retinianas pueden ser reversibles, es fundamental y constituye un reto actual de la medicina. Técnicas de imagen como la autofluorescencia del fondo de ojo y la tomografía de coherencia óptica de dominio espectral, y de exploración funcional de la retina como la electrorretinografía multifocal están aportando nuevos datos objetivos sobre las alteraciones morfológicas y funcionales retinianas inducidas por la hidroxicloroquina. En esta revisión se detallan los principales hallazgos obtenidos con estas técnicas y su impacto en el abordaje actual de tema y prevención.

Hydroxychloroquine retinopathy, although affects a small number of people treated with it, has the importance that can produce permanent visual loss and interruption of its administration is the only management of the toxicity. After cessation of the treatment there is little if any visual recovery. Therefore, early detection of retinopathy, when the retinal alterations can be reversed, is essential and a current challenge of medicine. Imaging techniques as the fundus autofluorescence and spectral domain-optical coherence tomography and functional exploration of the retina by the multifocal electroretinogram show new objective morphological and functional alterations induced by hydroxychloroquine. This review details the main findings obtained with these techniques and their impact on the current concepts of the issue and its prevention.

Country
Spain
Keywords

Hidroxicloroquina, Multifocal electroretinography, mfERG, Electrorretinografía multifocal, Recomendaciones, Detección temprana, Early detection, ERGmf, Retinopatía, Retinopathy, Recomendations, Hydroxycholroquine

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green