
handle: 10481/113263
En la presente investigación, los autores establecen las bases para reflexionar sobre la lactancia materna exclusiva hasta los seis meses es vital para el desarrollo infantil, pero su mantenimiento enfrenta barreras complejas que conducen al destete precoz. Esta revisión integrativa identifica que los factores asociados a la interrupción temprana son multicausales, abarcando las áreas biológicas, socioeconómica y cultural. Las principales barreras biológicas y técnicas incluyen fisuras en los pezones, dolor al amamantar y la percepción materna de "leche insuficiente" o "leche débil", muchas veces derivada de la mala interpretación del llanto del bebé. En el ámbito socioeconómico, el regreso temprano al trabajo, la licencia de maternidad corta y el bajo nivel educativo son determinantes críticos. Factores culturales, como el uso de chupetes y biberones y la falta de una red de apoyo familiar sólida, también aceleran el destete. Se concluye que la actuación proactiva del equipo de salud, con orientaciones precisas desde el período prenatal, es esencial para mitigar estas barreras y aumentar las tasas de lactancia materna exclusiva.
In the present research, the authors establish the bases to reflect on exclusive breastfeeding until six months, which is vital for child development, but its maintenance faces complex barriers that lead to early weaning. This integrative review identifies that the factors associated with early interruption are multi-causal, encompassing biological, socioeconomic, and cultural areas. The main biological and technical barriers include nipple cracks, pain when breastfeeding, and the mother's perception of 'insufficient milk' or 'weak milk,' often resulting from misinterpreting the baby's crying. In the socioeconomic realm, early return to work, short maternity leave, and low educational level are critical determinants. Cultural factors, such as the use of pacifiers and bottles and the lack of a strong family support network, also accelerate weaning. It is concluded that proactive action by the healthcare team, with precise guidance from the prenatal period, is essential to mitigate these barriers and increase exclusive breastfeeding rates.
Risk factors, Lactancia materna exclusiva, Early weaning, Exclusive breastfeeding, Destete temprano, Factores de riesgo
Risk factors, Lactancia materna exclusiva, Early weaning, Exclusive breastfeeding, Destete temprano, Factores de riesgo
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