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Mecanismos de inactivación del cromosoma X. Implicaciones y consecuencias clínicas

Authors: Martín Hernández, Alba;

Mecanismos de inactivación del cromosoma X. Implicaciones y consecuencias clínicas

Abstract

La inactivación del cromosoma X (ICX) es el proceso que permite la compensación de dosis génica entre machos y hembras en numerosas especies y uno de los mecanismos genéticos fundamentales para la vida. Actualmente, el papel de la genética en la práctica clínica está creciendo exponencialmente, estando el proceso de ICX cada vez más presente en las investigaciones en este ámbito. Los recientes estudios sobre la inactivación del cromosoma X en humanos relacionan este proceso con mucha más patología de la que se pensaba inicialmente. Algunos ejemplos de esta patología como el cáncer, las enfermedades ligadas al cromosoma X o las cada vez más diagnosticadas enfermedades autoinmunes son solo algunas de las líneas de investigación que acercan el proceso de ICX a la práctica clínica. En esta revisión se intenta resumir los principales mecanismos que rigen el proceso de ICX, además de revisar qué relevancia tiene este proceso en ciertas patologías y sintetizar algunas de las posibles líneas de investigación futuras sobre este tema.

X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is the process that allows gene dose compensation between males and females in numerous species and one of the basic genetic mechanisms for life. Currently, the role of genetics in clinical practice is growing exponentially, with the ICX process being increasingly present in research in this field. Recent studies on X-chromosome inactivation in humans relate this process to much more pathology than it was initially thought. Some examples of this pathology such as cancer, X-linked diseases or the increasingly diagnosed autoimmune diseases are just some of the lines of research that bring the ICX process closer to clinical practice. This paper attempts to summarize the main mechanisms that govern the ICX process, as well as to review the relevance of this process in certain diseases and to synthesize some of the possible future research lines on this topic.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

XIST, Genetic diseases X-linked, X-chromosome inactivation, XIST non-coding RNA, Inactivación del cromosoma X, Enfermedades ligadas al X

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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