A brief review of economic experiments in Russian health-protection service is carried out. It is demonstrated that their ineffectiveness is stipulated by the absence of the analysis of the causes of low surgical activity. The experiment in intensification of surgical activity, which has been carried out in Moscow hospital N 40, shous the ways for correction of present situation. An additional financing source such as CMI may substantially improve the state of surgical clinics, provided that optimal conditions for surgeons' work were created.