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Efecto de levaduras antagónicas y bicarbonato de sodio sobre Penicillium expansum Link en dos variedades de manzana

Authors: L. Soto-Muñoz; R. A. Martínez-Peniche;

Efecto de levaduras antagónicas y bicarbonato de sodio sobre Penicillium expansum Link en dos variedades de manzana

Abstract

El uso de fungicidas químicos para el control de Penicillium expansum Link en manzanas en poscosecha no es del todo aceptado, por lo que se trabaja con microorganismos antagónicos como las levaduras que al tener una efectividad limitada se combinan con sustancias de origen natural para elevar su efecto antagónico. Con este propósito, se usaron cepas de levaduras, en combinación con bicarbonato de sodio (BCS) para el control de P. expansum en manzanas (Malus domestica Borkh) 'Golden Delicious' y 'Red Delicious'. Se trataron con tres concentraciones de BCS (0, 2 y 4 % p/v) y se inocularon con una concentración conocida de diez levaduras antagónicas, por separado, en heridas donde posteriormente se colocó una suspensión de esporas de P. expansum (1 x 104 UFC), midiéndose el diámetro de la lesión y la incidencia después de 10 días de incubación. 'Red Delicious' resultó menos sensible a P. expansum que 'Golden Delicious' (diámetro de lesión de 1.52 vs. 2.01 cm). Las levaduras con mayor poder antagónico sobre el hongo fueron 22-218, 8-121 y 26-224 (Torulaspora spp) que redujeron el desarrollo del hongo en 89, 81.8 y 84.3 %, respectivamente a los 10 días de incubación. El BCS 4 % no inhibió el crecimiento del hongo, pero a 2 % potenció el efecto antagónico de las levaduras 23-61 y 3-5241 en 26.4 y 23.1 %, respectivamente. La levadura 22-218 fue la más sobresaliente contra P. expansum en 'Golden Delicious' reduciendo 99.5 % el diámetro de la lesión; mientras que las levaduras 22-224 y 8-121 lo fueron en 'Red Delicious' disminuyendo un 91.7 y 91.0 %, respectivamente.

As the use of chemical fungicides to control postharvest diseases of apple as Penicillium expansum Link is not entirely accepted, antagonist microorganisms as yeasts are employed. However, due to their limited effectiveness they are proposed to be combined with substances of natural origin. To evaluate the efficacy of different strains of antagonistic yeasts in combination with sodium bicarbonate (SBC) to control P. expansum, ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Red Delicious’ apples were treated with three levels of SBC and inoculated with a given concentration of ten antagonistic yeasts separately in wounds where a spore suspension of P. expansum (1 x 104 UFC), was then placed. Lesion diameter and incidence were measured after ten days of incubation. ‘Red Delicious’ was less susceptible to P. expansum than ‘Golden Delicious’ (diameter lesion of 1.52 cm vs 2.01 cm). Yeasts with the highest antagonist capacity on P. expansum were 22-218, 8-121 y 26-224 (Torulaspora spp) reducing the development of fungus in 89, 81.8 y 84.3 % respectively. SBC did not reduce the development of fungus, but at 2 % it enhanced the antagonistic effect of yeasts 23-61 and 3-5241 in 26.4 y 23.1 % respectively. Yeast 22-218 showed the major antagonism against P. expansum in ‘Golden Delicious’ diminishing the lesion diameter at 0.1 cm, while yeasts 22-224 and 8-121 did in ‘Red Delicious’ diminishing injury in 91.7 and 91% respectively.

Keywords

Postharvest diseases and injuries, Apples, Biological pest control, Agriculture (General), Plant culture, Pomes, Malalties i plagues postcollita, Control biològic de plagues, S1-972, SB1-1110

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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