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Repositori Obert UdL
Bachelor thesis . 2024
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Identificació de problemàtiques actuals en el reciclatge de residus tèxtils

Authors: Belouafi el Isaouy, Omaima;

Identificació de problemàtiques actuals en el reciclatge de residus tèxtils

Abstract

Es preveu que a l’any 2025 s’aplicarà un nova llei a Espanya a partir d’una normativa europea que determina que la recollida selectiva de residus tèxtils passarà a ser obligatòria per a tota la ciutadania. El reciclatge al sector tèxtil és més recent i per tant, no està tant desenvolupat com el reciclatge de residus plàstics o de paper. Per això també s’estan dedicant molts esforços en recerca i desenvolupament especialment per resoldre les problemàtiques que pot presentar aquest reciclatge. Un dels problemes principals que es troba és que els residus tèxtils presenten una barreja de diferents fibres difícils de separar. Això implica que inicialment s’hagi de trobar una manera de determinar la composició per poder realitzar un tractament adequat posteriorment. Una altra és la presencia de diferents substàncies als teixits per tal de proporcionar unes propietats concretes, com per exemple l’elastà. Aquestes substàncies acostumen a estar presents en petites proporcions però són capaces d’alterar la resta de fibres presents en el teixit i crear complicacions per al reciclatge, afectant així la qualitat de les fibres reciclades obtingudes. En aquest TFG s’han estudiat els dos problemes. En el primer cas, es proposa una seqüència d’etapes a seguir per tal de determinar la composició d’un residu tèxtil a partir d’assajos físics i químics. Per al cas de la presència de l’elastà en el residu tèxtil que va a reciclatge, es descriu bé el problema que suposa i l’estat actual de la recerca en mètodes de separació d’aquest component. A new law based on European regulations is expected to come into force in Spain in 2025, which will make the selective collection of textile waste mandatory for all citizens. Recycling in the textile sector is a recent phenomenon and is therefore not as developed as that of plastics or wastepaper. That is why we invest a lot of energy in research and development, especially to solve the problems that this type of recycling can pose. One of the main problems is that textile waste contains a mixture of different fibres that are difficult to separate. This means that, to do this correctly, it is necessary to first find a way to determine the composition. Another problem is the presence of various substances in the tissue to provide certain properties, such as: elastane fibres. These substances are usually present in tiny amounts but can alter the remaining fibres in the fabric, making recycling more difficult and, in turn, affecting the quality of the recycled fibres obtained. In this work, two problems had investigated. In the first case, it proposes a series of steps to follow to determine the composition of textile waste by physical and chemical tests. In the case of the presence of elastic fibres in recycled textile waste, it describes the issues involved and the current state of research on methods for separation of this component.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Legislació, Medi ambient, Química analítica, Reciclatge

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    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green