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Desenvolvimento e aplicação de métodos cromatográficos no estudo de aglutinantes em pintura

Authors: Rodrigues, Ana Sofia Gomes;

Desenvolvimento e aplicação de métodos cromatográficos no estudo de aglutinantes em pintura

Abstract

O objectivo deste trabalho centrou-se na caracterização de aglutinantes usados em pinturas de cavalete, através das técnicas de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC) e da cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massa, com pirólise (Py-GC/MS). Os resultados foram complementados através da análise por micro-espectroscopia de infravermelho (µ-FTIR). Outro dos objectivos consistiu na mimetização dos processos de degradação que ocorrem em pinturas, através de envelhecimento artificial de filmes de tinta. Neste trabalho foram estudados três tipos de aglutinantes: gema de ovo, cola animal e óleo de linho. Foram preparados filmes de tintas com os aglutinantes puros e/ou misturas com diversos pigmentos, nomeadamente, azurite, vermelho de chumbo e branco de chumbo. A técnica de µ-FTIR possibilitou a identificação dos aglutinantes e dos pigmentos usados. Os resultados obtidos por HPLC, utilizando o método Pico-Tag, permitiram comprovar que esta é uma técnica útil na identificação de materiais proteicos. Através da análise das amostras contendo pigmentos e das amostras sujeitas ao envelhecimento artificial, verificou-se que estes dois factores influenciam a composição em termos da quantidade de aminoácidos e, consequentemente, a identificação dos aglutinantes. Uma limitação desta técnica é a análise de amostras contendo cobre, deste modo foi desenvolvido um método de remoção destes catiões, através da técnica de cromatografia de troca iónica, verificando-se ser eficiente. Através da técnica de HPLC foram ainda analisadas um conjunto de seis amostras do Retábulo Flamengo da Sé de Évora, uma amostra da camada de preparação de um escudo de aparato lacado do século XVI/XVII e uma amostra do retábulo de Ferreira do Alentejo. A técnica de GC/MS, realizada apenas em amostras não sujeitas ao envelhecimento artificial, permitiu identificar e caracterizar amostras em que o aglutinante usado era óleo. Por outro lado, em misturas de óleo e ovo, esta técnica mostrou-se eficiente na confirmação da existência dos dois tipos de aglutinantes.

The main goal of this study was to characterize the binding medium used in easel paintings, by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, with pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS). The results were complemented with infrared microspectroscopy (µ-FTIR). Another purpose of this work was the study of aging process, occurred on paintings, by artificial aging of the ink layers. In this work, were studied three types of binding medium: egg yolk, animal glue and linseed oil. The ink layers were prepared with pure binding medium and/or mixtures with different pigments, like, azurite, red lead and lead white. The µ-FTIR had an important role in the identification of binding medium and pigments used. The results obtained by HPLC, using Pico-Tag method, proved that this technique is useful in proteinaceous material identification. From the analysis of samples with pigments and samples with artificial aging were verified that this two factors influence the composition of amino acids, and consequently, the identification of binding medium. One of the limitations for this technique is the analysis of samples with copper. So, a method was developed to remove those cations through the ion exchange chromatography and was verified that this technique was efficient. Through the technique of HPLC were further analysed a set of six samples of Flemish Altarpiece of Sé de Évora, a sample of ground layer of lacquered shield apparatus of the XVI/XVII century and a sample of Altarpiece of Ferreira do Alentejo.The GC/MS technique, which was applied only on samples without artificially aging process, allowed the identification and characterization of samples where binding medium used was oil. On the other hand, in mixtures of oil and egg yolk, the GC/MS proved to be effective confirming the type of binding medium used.

Tese de mestrado em Química, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2011

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Pico-Tag, Teses de mestrado - 2011, µ-FTIR, HPLC, Cromatografia de troca iónica, Py-GC/MS, Aglutinantes

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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