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Degradação electroquímica de pesticidas e outros poluentes orgânicos

Authors: Cartaxo, Marco;

Degradação electroquímica de pesticidas e outros poluentes orgânicos

Abstract

Neste trabalho, estudou-se a degradação electroquímica de poluentes orgânicos (fenol e paraquato), utilizando eléctrodos de óxidos de metais de transição. Para os ensaios de degradação do fenol utilizaram-se eléctrodos de aço/Fe-Co3O4. No caso do paraquato vários materiais foram ensaiados, sendo de realçar o uso de eléctrodos pastilhados de Co2FeO4. A electrólise de soluções alcalinas de fenol foi acompanha por espectroscopia UV-vis e por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC). Utilizou-se a simulação computacional para descrever os espectros UV-vis, revelando que os melhores ajustes eram obtidos quando se considerava a presença de fenol, benzoquinona, hidroquinona e catecol. Com base nas simulações realizadas e na informação bibliográfica foi possível ajustar adequadamente os espectros, identificando parte dos produtos da degradação. Completou-se a caracterização das soluções com análises da carência química em oxigénio (CQO) e do carbono orgânico total (COT). O comportamento voltamétrico de eléctrodos pastilhados de Co2FeO4 foi estudado em soluções aquosas de sulfato de potássio e de cloreto de potássio, na ausência e na presença de paraquato. Procedeu-se à análise do efeito de diversas condições experimentais na electrólise de soluções aquosas de paraquato, as quais foram acompanhadas por espectroscopia UV-vis e por espectrometria de massa (MS). Os resultados mostraram que utilizando uma célula não dividida a degradação do paraquato é mais eficaz, mas para os tempos de electrólise usados não se consegue a sua destruição completa, mas sim uma degradação parcial. A espectrometria de massa permitiu identificar a monopiridona e a dipiridona como os principais produtos de oxidação do paraquato. A estabilidade dos eléctrodos foi analisada por difracção de raios X de pós (DRX), microscopia electrónica de varrimento (MEV) e espectroscopia de dispersão de energias (EDS) dos eléctrodos novos e após as electrólises, e ainda por absorção atómica das soluções (AA).In this work, the electrochemical degradation of organic pollutants (phenol and paraquat) was studied, using transition metal oxides electrodes.

For the phenol degradation tests, steel/Fe-Co3O4 electrodes were used. In the case of paraquat, several materials were tested, but the use of Co2FeO4 pellet electrodes should be noticed. The electrolysis of alkaline solutions of phenol was accompanied by UV-vis spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The UV-vis spectra were described by computer simulation, indicating that the best adjustments were obtained when considering the presence of phenol, benzoquinone, hydroquinone and catechol. Based on the simulations and bibliographic information it was possible to adjust properly the spectra and partially identify the degradation products. The characterization of the electrolised solutions was completed with analysis of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC). The voltammetric behavior of Co2FeO4 pellet electrodes was studied in aqueous solutions of potassium sulphate and potassium chloride, in the absence and presence of paraquat. The effect of different experimental conditions on the electrolysis of paraquat aqueous solutions was analyzed. The electrolysis were followed by UV-vis spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS). The results show that using an undivided cell, degradation of paraquat is more effective, but a complete destruction is not achieved. Mass spectrometry identified monopyridone and dipyridone as the major oxidation products. The stability of the electrodes was analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and also by atomic absorption (AA) of the solutions.

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, SFRH/BD/30500/2006, SFRH/BD/6140/2001); Programa Operacional de Ciência e Inovação 2010 (POCI 2010); Fundo Social Europeu (FSE)

Tese de doutoramento, Química (Química-Física), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2012

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Teses de doutoramento - 2012, Espinelas, Degradação, Fenol, Paraquato, Óxidos

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green