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Poliarterite nodosa : a propósito de um caso clínico

Authors: Carvalho, Luísa Isabel Basílio;

Poliarterite nodosa : a propósito de um caso clínico

Abstract

A Poliarterite Nodosa consiste numa entidade clínica rara, que se carateriza por afetação das artérias de médio calibre. Como tal, leva a manifestações em vários sistemas de órgãos, sendo os mais frequentemente afetados a pele, o sistema nervoso periférico, o sistema gastrointestinal e os rins. Mais raramente podem ser afetados também o sistema cardiovascular e o sistema nervoso central. Contudo, os quadros são caraterizados, mais frequentemente, por sintomas constitucionais, que quando surgem isoladamente, dificultam que se chegue ao diagnóstico de Poliartrite Nodosa. Neste contexto, apresenta-se o caso clínico de um homem de 67 anos que apresenta inicialmente um quadro de enterocolite fistulizante, atribuído a presumível Doença de Crohn. No entanto, no contexto de um internamento posterior, motivado por um quadro caraterizado por febre, dor nos membros inferiores e lesões cutâneas é feito o diagnóstico de vasculite, nomeadamente Poliarterite Nodosa, tendo em conta as caraterísticas clínicas e histopatológicas obtidas. Este segundo diagnóstico suscitou dúvidas relativamente à atribuição das lesões gastrointestinais previamente existentes como sendo Doença de Crohn, tendo sido realizada investigação diagnóstica extensa no sentido de clarificar a causa do acometimento gastrointestinal. Através do estudo do caso clínico apresentado e de uma breve revisão literária acerca da Poliarterite Nodosa, pretende-se rever as caraterísticas desta entidade, critérios de diagnóstico, tratamento e alertar para a importância de um diagnóstico precoce.

Polyarteritis Nodosa is a rare clinical entity, characterized by the involvement of medium sized arteries. This leads to clinical manifestations in different organs, being the most frequently affected the skin, the peripheral nervous system, the gastrointestinal system and the kidneys. Rarely, the cardiovascular and central nervous system can also be affected. Nonetheless, constitutive symptoms are the most seen clinically. When these occur without other, more specific symptoms, the final diagnosis of Polyarteritis Nodosa is often difficult to achieve. In this context, it is presented the case of a 67-year-old man that initially presents with fistulizing enterocolitis, presumably caused by Crohn´s Disease. However, in a posterior hospitalization, motivated by fever, leg pain and cutaneous lesions, the diagnosis of vasculitis is made, specifically of Polyarteritis Nodosa, supported by the clinical and histopathologic findings. This second diagnosis brought up doubts about the gastrointestinal manifestations which cause was previously attributed to Crohn´s Disease. In this sense, it was conducted a deep diagnostic investigation in order to clarify the pathological process behind the gastrointestinal findings. Through this clinical case and a brief literary revision about Polyarteritis Nodosa, it is intended to review the characteristics of this clinical entity, diagnosis criteria, treatment and emphasize the importance of an early diagnosis.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2023

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Doença de Crohn, Poliarterite nodosa, Vasculite

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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