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Braquiterapia na doença oncológica prostática

Authors: Sousa, Carolina Isabel Rodrigues de;

Braquiterapia na doença oncológica prostática

Abstract

A doença oncológica prostática é uma das doenças que mais afeta os indivíduos do sexo masculino a nível mundial. É um tumor sólido, que se apresenta numa de duas formas: localizado ou, numa fase mais avançada, disperso em metástases. É uma doença influenciada por diversos fatores, como ambientais, socioeconómicos e genéticos. Foi já demonstrada a associação entre diversos genes e o desenvolvimento desta doença, confirmando-se uma componente hereditária. As evidências clínicas indicam que a realização de rastreios é fundamental para um diagnóstico e tratamento atempados. A escolha da terapêutica adequada, depende da evidência clínica do diagnóstico, da avaliação do binómio benefício-risco e também da opção preferencial do doente, A braquiterapia veio inovar a terapêutica oncológica. É um tipo de radioterapia que permite o tratamento focal de tumores sólidos, com recurso à implantação de sementes radioativas em locais estratégicos. Possibilita a administração de doses de radiação elevadas às células tumorais, que não seriam possíveis de administrar com outras técnicas de radioterapia, salvaguardando dos tecidos circundantes. É utilizada para o tratamento de tumores em locais onde há fácil acesso, como trato gastrointestinal, sistemas reprodutores, sistema respiratório e pele. Podem ser utilizados diferentes isótopos para obter perfis de administração de dose diferenciadas. Existem 2 taxas de administração principais: HDR: taxa de administração de dose elevada, e LDR: taxa de administração de dose baixa. No tratamento do cancro da próstata, a braquiterapia pode ser utilizada como monoterapia ou em combinação com outras terapêuticas num plano multimodal. É utilizada braquiterapia com taxa de administração elevada, baixa ou muito baixa. Os isótopos mais frequentemente utilizados são irídio-192, iodo-125, paládio-103 e césio- 131.

Oncological prostatic disease is one of the major malignancies that affects men worldwide, impacting all racial and ethnic groups. It manifests as a solid tumour, presenting in one of two forms: localized or advanced. It’s influenced mainly by environmental, socioeconomic, and genetic factors. An association between various genes and the development of the disease has been demonstrated, confirming an hereditary component. Screening is of most importance for timely diagnosis and treatment. Classification at the time of diagnosis allows for the segregation of patients into groups, allowing the selection and development of a more personalized and evidence-based treatment plan. This plan should consider the disease classification, a thorough assessment of the risk-benefit profile, and patient preferences. Brachytherapy brings innovation into oncological therapy. It is a type of radiotherapy that enables focal treatment of solid tumours by implantation of radioactive seeds in strategic locations. It allows the delivery of high doses of radiation to tumour cells that would not be feasible with other radiotherapy techniques, thus safeguarding surrounding tissues. It is used for the treatment of tumours in easily accessible areas, such as the gastrointestinal tract, reproductive systems, respiratory system, and skin. Different isotopes can be used to achieve varying dose delivery profiles. There are two main administration rates: HDR (high-dose rate) and LDR (low-dose rate). In the treatment of prostate cancer, brachytherapy can be used as monotherapy or in combination with other modalities in a multimodal therapeutic plan. High, low, or very low-dose rate brachytherapy can be employed. The most frequently used isotopes include iridium-192, iodine-125, palladium-103, and cesium-131.

Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2023, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Doença oncológica prostática, Cancro da próstata, Mestrado Integrado - 2023, Braquiterapia,, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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