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Terapias celulares: perspetivas atuais e futuras

Authors: Correia, Beatriz Santos;

Terapias celulares: perspetivas atuais e futuras

Abstract

Os primeiros relatos da utilização das terapias celulares remontam ao século XIX, quando cientistas injetaram material celular animal em pacientes humanos com o intuito de reverter sinais do envelhecimento e curar ou tratar doenças. Apesar destas primeiras experiências não terem sido bem-sucedidas, a investigação continuou. Já no século XX, realizou-se o primeiro transplante de medula óssea, uma das terapias celulares mais relevantes da atualidade. Nos últimos anos, as terapias celulares têm sido alvo de interesse por parte da comunidade científica, em grande medida, devido ao enorme potencial que têm demonstrado no tratamento das mais diversas patologias. Existem diversas terapias celulares já aprovadas e utilizadas na prática clínica, e muitas outras ainda em fase de investigação. As terapias celulares têm-se revelado promissoras em áreas como a medicina regenerativa, terapêutica do cancro e imunoterapia, e apresentam potencial para constituírem uma alternativa terapêutica relevante em doenças cuja terapêutica convencional não é eficaz. No entanto, apesar do benefício que têm demonstrado, este tipo de terapias não pode ser dissociado das questões éticas que lhe são inerentes, da preocupação que despertam quanto à sua segurança, nem do seu custo monetário, por vezes bastante elevado. Na presente monografia, caracterizam-se, numa primeira fase, os diversos tipos de células potencialmente utilizadas em terapia celular, incluindo terapias unicelulares e multicelulares, com células estaminais e diferenciadas. Seguidamente, abordam-se as estratégias de colheita, produção, preservação e administração das terapias com as células anteriormente detalhadas. Numa segunda fase, apresenta-se um enquadramento global dos diversos produtos atualmente aprovados e em ensaios clínicos. Numa etapa seguinte, são debatidas considerações éticas e destacados alguns dos principais desafios que as terapias celulares enfrentam. Por fim, são expostas conclusões e perspetivas atuais e futuras no âmbito das terapias celulares.

The first descriptions of the use of cell therapies date back to the 19th century, when scientists injected animal cell material into human patients with the aim of reversing signs of aging and curing or treating diseases. Although these initial experiences were not successful, research in this field continued. In the 20th century, the first bone marrow transplant was performed, which later became one of the most relevant cell therapies today. In recent years, cell therapy has been under the scope of the scientific community, largely due to the enormous potential it has shown in the treatment of various pathologies. There are several cell therapies already approved and in current use in clinical practice, with many others still in the investigational phase. Cell therapies have shown promise in areas such as regenerative medicine, cancer therapy and immunotherapy, and have the potential to be a relevant therapeutic alternative in diseases where conventional therapy is not effective. However, despite the benefits they have shown, this type of therapy cannot be dissociated from its inherent ethical questions, the concerns it raises about its safety, nor their monetary cost, which can be very high sometimes. In this monograph, in the first stage, the distinct types of cells potentially used in cell therapy are characterized, including unicellular and multicellular therapies, with stem and somatic cells. Then, strategies for harvesting, production, preservation and administration of the previously detailed cell therapies are discussed. In the second stage, an overview of the various cell products currently approved and in clinical trials is presented. In the following step, ethical considerations are debated and some of the main challenges that cell therapies face are highlighted. Finally, conclusions and current and future perspectives on cellular therapies are presented.

Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2023, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Medicina regenerativa, Ensaios clínicos, Células estaminais, Mestrado Integrado - 2023, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde, Terapias celulares, Células diferenciadas

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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Cancer Research