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Patologia oral numa população observada no âmbito de um programa de rastreio de cancro oral desenvolvido em Portugal

Authors: Pereira, Diogo Manuel Oliveira;

Patologia oral numa população observada no âmbito de um programa de rastreio de cancro oral desenvolvido em Portugal

Abstract

Introdução: O cancro oral constitui um problema de saúde pública a nível mundial. O diagnóstico tardio provoca atrasos no tratamento o que, consequentemente, conduz a um pior prognóstico e a um decréscimo da taxa de sobrevivência a 5 anos. O médico dentista assume um papel preponderante na deteção precoce de lesões malignas ou potencialmente malignizáveis da mucosa oral. Objetivos: Registar as alterações patológicas observadas numa população portuguesa; avaliar a relação entre as lesões observadas com as localizações anatómicas mais frequentes, aspetos sociodemográficos e do estilo de vida e apresentar os resultados dos programas de rastreio de cancro oral da Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro em 2022. Materiais e métodos: Foram promovidas ações de rastreio entre março e dezembro de 2022. Foi aplicado um questionário aos participantes para recolha dos dados sociodemográficos e hábitos de consumo, seguido de um exame objetivo. Foi aplicada estatística descritiva e analítica. Resultados: Foram rastreados 2674 participantes com uma idade média de 57 anos. Os grânulos de Fordyce (16.3%) foram a condição não patológica mais frequente e a língua pilosa/saburrosa (11.0%) foi a lesão benigna mais frequentemente observada. A leucoplasia (42.9%) foi a lesão potencialmente maligna mais frequente. O dorso/bordo da língua (24.8%) e o lábio (23.1%) foram as localizações mais comuns. Ademais, foi confirmada histologicamente a presença de 4 carcinomas pavimento celulares (CPC). Discussão: De que se tenha conhecimento, este representa o primeiro estudo realizado em Portugal que reúne os resultados de rastreios de cancro oral com uma área de abrangência geográfica tão vasta, constituindo a maior amostra até à data. Verificou-se a presença de relações estatisticamente significativas entre algumas lesões e as localizações mais frequentes. Verificou-se que a presença de leucoplasia é influenciada pelos hábitos de consumo. Conclusão: A patologia benigna foi a mais frequente na população estudada. As ações de rastreio foram eficazes na identificação de casos positivos de LOPM e cancro oral.

Introduction: Oral cancer is a global public health problem. Late diagnosis leads to treatment delays, which consequently result in a worse prognosis and a decrease in the 5-year survival rate. The dentist plays a crucial role in the early detection of malignant or potentially malignant lesions of the oral mucosa. Objectives: To document the pathological changes observed in a portuguese population; to evaluate the relationship between the observed lesions, anatomical locations, sociodemographic aspects, and lifestyle factors; and to present the results of the oral cancer screening programs conducted by Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro in 2022. Materials and methods: Screening activities were conducted between March and December of 2022. Participants completed a questionnaire to collect sociodemographic data and lifestyle habits, followed by a clinical examination. Descriptive and analytical statistics were applied. Results: A total of 2674 participants with a mean age of 57 years were screened. Fordyce granules (16.3%) were the most common non-pathological condition, and hairy/tongue coating (11.0%) was the most frequently observed benign lesion. Leukoplakia (42.9%) was the most common potentially malignant lesion. The tongue dorsum/border (24.8%) and the lip (23.1%) were the most common locations. Additionally, histological confirmation was obtained for the presence of 4 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Discussion: To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first study conducted in Portugal that combines the results of oral cancer screenings on such a large geographic scale, constituting the largest sample to date. Statistically significant relationships were found between certain lesions and the most common locations. The presence of leukoplakia was found to be influenced by lifestyle habits. Conclusion: Benign pathology was the most common in the studied population. The screening activities were effective in identifying cases of potentially malignant lesions and oral cancer.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Teses de mestrado - 2023, Medicina Dentária, Saúde Oral

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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Cancer Research