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Keap1-Nrf2-ARE:

via de sinalização celular como potencial alvo terapêutico na Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2
Authors: Silva, Raquel Correia Bentes dos Santos;

Keap1-Nrf2-ARE:

Abstract

Diabetes is a group of complex metabolic disease of multifactorial etiology, which have, as a main physiopathological alteration, the presence of hyperglycaemia. The high levels of glucose in the blood result from an interaction of genetic and environmental factors, resulting in an impaired insulin production and/or an increase in cellular resistance to the hormone, specifically in cells which rely on it for intracellular glucose transportation. Oxidative stress is a significant contributor to the physiopathological development of Diabetes Mellitus type 2, worsening the dysfunctional status of beta pancreatic cells after being exposed to chronic hyperglycaemia. This oxidative status results from the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which causes an oxidative-reductive imbalance in the cell. The main physiological response to this oxidative-reductive imbalance is the activation of the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE (Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 - nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2) -like 2 – antioxidative response element) pathway, through which the Nrf2 transcription factor acts as an important regulator of genes that code proteins with an antioxidative role. In response to cellular stress, Nrf2 acts upon the process of protein transcription, stimulating the production of many enzymes involved in phases I, II and III of biotransformation reactions, as well as several antioxidative mechanisms. The activation of this signalling pathway allows the cell to combat the adverse effects of the oxidative agents, as well as other electrophiles. Because of that, this pathway has grown into an attractive target for treatment and prevention of several diseases related to oxidative stress. Through the years, there has been studies on the effects of the various components of this pathway which, in theory, might have a protective effect in the development of Diabetes Mellitus type 2 and the complications associated with it, causing them to have grown into potential therapeutic targets. This dissertation will analyse the way by which the different cellular signalling pathway components in study interact and present a review of the modulating molecules of the Nrf2 pathway currently in development and study, presenting therapeutic potential in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus type 2.

A Diabetes é um conjunto de patologias metabólicas de etiologia multifatorial onde a principal alteração fisiológica se pauta pela presença de um fenótipo comum – hiperglicemia. Os elevados níveis séricos de glicose, resultam de uma interação complexa de fatores genéticos e ambientais que provocam uma insuficiente produção de insulina e/ou resistência celular à ação da hormona, por parte das células que dela dependem para o transporte intracelular de glicose. O stress oxidativo contribui significativamente para o desenvolvimento fisiopatológico da Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, ao exacerbar o estado disfuncional que as células beta pancreáticas apresentam sobre condições de hiperglicemia crónica. Este resulta principalmente da formação de espécies reativas de oxigénio (ROS), resultando num desequilíbrio do estado redox celular. A principal resposta fisiológica ao desequilíbrio redox é a ativação da via de sinalização celular Keap1-Nrf2-ARE (Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 - nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2) -like 2 – elemento de resposta antioxidante), na qual o fator de transcrição Nrf2 atua como um importante regulador da expressão de genes que codificam proteínas com ação antioxidante. Em resposta ao stress oxidativo, o Nrf2 tem ação sobre o processo de transcrição de diversas enzimas incluídas nos processos de biotransformação de fase I, II e III e mecanismos antioxidantes. A ativação desta via de sinalização permite contrariar os efeitos nefastos dos agentes oxidantes e outros eletrófilos, tendo-se tornado um alvo atrativo para a prevenção e tratamento de doenças relacionadas com o stress oxidativo. Ao longo dos últimos anos têm sido estudados os diversos componentes integrantes desta via e que, em teoria, poderão ter um papel determinante no desenvolvimento da Diabetes Mellitus do tipo 2 e de complicações relacionadas com a doença, sendo por isso, possíveis alvos terapêuticos. A presente monografia pretende analisar a forma como interagem os componentes da via de sinalização celular em estudo e apresentar uma revisão sobre as moléculas moduladoras do Nrf2 que se encontram atualmente em estudo por apresentar potencial terapêutico no tratamento da Diabetes Mellitus do tipo 2.

Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2022, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Ciências da Saúde, Diabetes mellitus tipo 2, Mestrado integrado - 2022, Stress oxidativo, Via de sinalização celular kelch-like ECHAssociated protein 1 - nuclear factor (Erythroid-Derived 2) – Like 2 - antioxidant response element, Alvos terapêuticos

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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