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Contaminantes de interesse emergente:

antifúngicos
Authors: Brazão, Mariana Antunes;

Contaminantes de interesse emergente:

Abstract

Nas últimas décadas, a presença de certas substâncias no ambiente, por exemplo em matrizes aquáticas, tem preocupado as agências regulamentares e tem sido foco da atenção da comunidade científica. As substâncias não regulamentadas e com potencial risco para a saúde dos ecossistemas, e de forma direta ou indireta, para a saúde humana, são designadas de Contaminantes de Interesse Emergente (CECs). Estes contaminantes, estão representados por um vasto grupo de compostos químicos, nomeadamente, fármacos, produtos de cuidado pessoal, pesticidas, produtos industriais, entre outros. A presença destes contaminantes, maioritariamente de natureza antropogénica, deve-se principalmente à ineficiência das estações de tratamento de águas residuais, que não estão desenhadas para remover este tipo de substâncias. No entanto, decorrente das várias etapas de tratamento, uma parte dos contaminantes é eliminada. Como a sua remoção pelos processos convencionais de tratamento não é total, têm sido desenvolvidas e pontualmente adotadas novas metodologias que alcancem melhores taxas de remoção. Apesar de se encontrarem em concentrações vestigiais, na ordem dos ng/L e ug/L, os CECs podem ter efeitos nefastos no ambiente aquático e nos organismos que nele residem, bem como na saúde humana. Uma das classes terapêuticas analisada são os antifúngicos, nomeadamente a classe dos azóis. Esta é uma das classes mais utilizada na clínica, bem como em produtos de cuidado pessoal, como champôs e géis de banho. Dividida em imidazóis e triazóis, a presença de substâncias pertencentes a esta classe tem sido avaliada em vários efluentes de estações de tratamento de águas residuais e nas águas naturais, recetoras destes efluentes. A falta de estudos de ocorrência e os potenciais efeitos na desregulação endócrina e no aumento da resistência a antifúngicos fez com que estes compostos fossem incluídos na lista de vigilância de contaminantes ambientais em matrizes aquáticas, na atual legislação ambiental relativa às substâncias prioritárias no domínio da política da água.

In the last decades, the presence of certain substances in the environment, for example, in aquatic matrices, has concerned regulatory agencies and has been the focus of attention of the scientific community. The unregulated substances with potential risk to ecosystem health and, directly or indirectly, to human health, are called Contaminants of Emerging Interest (CECs). These contaminants are represented by a large group of chemical compounds, including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, and industrial products, among others. These contaminants, mostly of anthropogenic nature, are mainly due to the inefficiency of wastewater treatment plants, which are not designed to remove these types of substances. However, due to the various treatment stages, a portion of the contaminants is eliminated. As their removal by conventional treatment processes is not total, new methodologies that achieve better removal rates have been developed and occasionally adopted. Despite being found in trace concentrations, in the range of ng/L and ug/L, CECs can have harmful effects on the aquatic environment, the organisms that live in it and on human health. One therapeutic classes examined is the antifungals, namely the class of azoles. This is one of the most widely used classes in the clinic and personal care products such as shampoos and shower gels. Divided into imidazoles and triazoles, the presence of substances belonging to this class has been evaluated in various wastewater treatment plant effluents and in the natural waters that receive these effluents. The lack of occurrence studies and the potential effects on endocrine disruption and increased resistance to antifungal drugs has led to the inclusion of these compounds in the watch list of environmental contaminants in aquatic matrices, in the current environmental legislation on priority substances in the field of water policy.

Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2022, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Ciências da Saúde, Contaminantes de interesse emergente, Estações de Tratamento de Águas Residuais, Azóis, Mestrado integrado - 2022, Antifúngicos, Matrizes aquáticas

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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