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Pandemia de Covid-19 :

medidas de saúde pública adotadas, resultados alcançados e ensinamentos para o futuro
Authors: Bilro, Patrícia Raquel Parreiras;

Pandemia de Covid-19 :

Abstract

O surgimento de casos de pneumonia de origem desconhecida, no final do ano de 2019, levou à identificação de um novo agente etiológico, o vírus SARS-CoV-2. Este vírus teve a capacidade de se disseminar na comunidade e originou a pandemia de covid-19. Esta pandemia exigiu a divulgação de informação à população por parte das autoridades de saúde pública e o estímulo para a adoção de medidas de saúde pública com vista à proteção contra a transmissão do SARS-CoV-2. Foram emitidos documentos com a classificação e descrição das medidas de saúde pública a adotar no contexto da pandemia de covid-19, sendo divididas em sete categorias: medidas de proteção individual, medidas ambientais, medidas de vigilância e resposta, medidas de distanciamento físico e social, medidas aplicadas a deslocações e viagens, medidas farmacológicas e medidas biológicas. A implementação de medidas de saúde pública, ao nível da União Europeia, foi adaptada à situação epidemiológica de cada país, através da avaliação dos níveis de transmissão do SARS-CoV-2, com recurso à utilização indicadores primários, como a taxa de hospitalizações, e indicadores adicionais, como o Rt (número de reprodução instantâneo) e da capacidade de resposta dos sistemas de saúde e serviços de saúde pública. A resposta foi avaliada com recurso à situação epidemiológica de cada país e ao cálculo do índice de gravidade, que avalia a intensidade da aplicação destas medidas. Quanto maior o índice de gravidade, maior a intensidade de medidas de saúde pública a serem aplicadas na população. A pandemia realçou a importância da saúde pública e respetivas medidas para o controlo de novos agentes etiológicos que surgem na população. Em termos de aprendizagens para o futuro, torna-se importante destacar o impacto positivo das medidas de saúde pública de proteção individual, das medidas de vigilância epidemiológica e resposta e da vacinação no controlo da transmissão do SARS-CoV-2 e na diminuição da taxa de mortalidade por covid-19.

The emergence of cases of pneumonia of unknown origin at the end of 2019 led to the identification of a new etiological agent, the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This virus had the ability to spread in the community and originated the covid-19 pandemic. This pandemic required public health authorities to disseminate information to the population and encourage the adoption of public health measures to protect against the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Documents were issued with the classification and description of public health measures to be adopted in the context of the covid-19 pandemic, divided into seven categories: individual measures, environmental measures, surveillance and response measures, physical and social distancing measures, measures applied to travel, pharmacological measures and biological measures. The implementation of public health measures, at the European Union level, was adapted to the epidemiological situation of each country, through the assessment of the levels of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 using primary indicators, such as the rate of hospitalizations, and additional indicators such as the Rt (instant reproduction number) and the responsiveness of health systems and public health services. The response was evaluated using the epidemiological situation of each country and the calculation of the severity index that assesses the intensity of application of these measures. The higher the severity index, the greater the intensity of public health measures to be applied to the population. The pandemic highlighted the importance of public health and respective measures for the control of new etiological agents that appear in the population. In terms of learning for the future, it is important to highlight the positive impact of individual public health measures, epidemiological surveillance and response measures and vaccination in controlling the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and in reducing the mortality rate by covid-19.

Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2022, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Ciências da Saúde, SARS-CoV-2, Estratégia de saúde pública, Mestrado integrado - 2022, Vacinação e covid-19, Covid-19, Medidas de saúde pública

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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