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Complicações pós-esplenectomia em pediatria

Authors: Magalhães, Martinha de Almeida Aguiar e Coutinho de;

Complicações pós-esplenectomia em pediatria

Abstract

Em idade pediátrica, a esplenectomia é um procedimento com um vasto leque de indicações, sendo as principais associadas a doenças hematológicas. Apesar de cada vez mais se optar por uma abordagem conservadora do baço sempre que possível não obstante a doença em causa, sempre que indicada a esplenectomia pode ser realizada por via aberta ou laparoscópica, ainda que a última tenha revelado melhores resultados nalguns aspetos. Não obstante, existe um risco considerável de complicações pós-operatórias. Entre as mais temidas salientam-se a trombose da veia porta, a sépsis pós-esplenectomia e a síndrome torácica aguda em doentes com drepanocitose, que se destacam pela morbilidade e mortalidade associadas. Esta revisão concentra-se nas diferentes complicações pós-esplenectomia, com um especial enfoque no aumento do risco infecioso a que estes indivíduos estão sujeitos, tendo em conta o papel fisiológico do baço no organismo humano. São também abordadas as estratégias propostas para ajudar a contornar este problema, tais como a utilização de vacinas ou de profilaxia antibiótica. Enquanto a vacinação é uma medida mais consensual e com eficácia comprovada, a profilaxia antibiótica revelou-se um campo para o qual não existe muita evidência e que, por conseguinte, se revela muito díspar relativamente às medidas propostas e adotadas em diferentes países e estudos.

In children, splenectomy may be indicated for a different number of reasons, most of which relate to hematologic diseases. Whatever the disease, a conservative approach to splenic tissue is preferred whenever possible and if splenectomy is mandatory it can be performed either open or laparoscopic, the latter showing better outcomes in some regards. Nevertheless, there is a considerable risk of post-operative complications. Portal vein thrombosis, overwhelming post-splenectomy sepsis and acute thoracic syndrome in sickle cell disease patients, are the most feared due to associated morbidity and mortality. Considering the spleen´s physiologic role in the human body, this review is focused on post-splenectomy complications, specially the splenectomy induced increase in the patient’s infectious risk. Strategies used to overcome that situation, such as vaccines and antibiotic prophylaxis, will also be adressed. While vaccination is quite consensual and proven effective, antibiotic prophylaxis is still lacking an evidence-based approach and its adoption varies from country to country and study to study.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2021

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Complicações pós-esplenectomia, Pediatria, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Esplenectomia, Prevenção do risco infecioso

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green