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Obesidade abdominal na gravidez e diabetes gestacional

Authors: Soares, Mariana Ferreira;

Obesidade abdominal na gravidez e diabetes gestacional

Abstract

Introdução A Diabetes Gestacional (DG) é a complicação mais comum da gravidez e está em incidência crescente. Na população geral, o tecido adiposo abdominal é um fator de risco importante para o desenvolvimento de doenças metabólicas. Na gravidez, a avaliação antropométrica encontra-se muito restrita, baseando-se apenas na evolução ponderal durante a gravidez tendo por base o índice de massa corporal pré-gestacional. A avaliação ecográfica (11-14 semanas) da espessura do tecido adiposo abdominal visceral ou subcutâneo na grávida parece ser uma potencial oportunidade para ultrapassar as limitações das medidas antropométricas e avaliar a predisposição para desenvolver distúrbios metabólicos, como a DG, durante a gestação, para uma intervenção nutricional precoce. Métodos Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com seleção de artigos publicados de janeiro de 2000 a setembro de 2020 no PubMed. Os termos MeSH de pesquisa são “pregnancy”, “adipose tissue”, “obesity, abdominal”, “insulin resistance” e “diabetes, gestational”. Os estudos elegíveis são coorte prospetivos, em inglês. Os critérios de seleção foram: mulheres grávidas com gestações únicas ou múltiplas na primeira metade da gravidez; mulheres saudáveis ou em amostras nas quais algumas apresentam comorbilidade. O outcome primário em avaliação foi o desenvolvimento de DG. Resultados Foram identificados 1066 artigos, tendo sido selecionados a partir do título 38 para leitura do texto integral. Destes, foram incluídos 11 na revisão. O número de doentes variou entre 62 a 1048, com um total de 4931 indivíduos em todos os estudos incluídos. A idade média de todas as participantes foi de 29 anos e a prevalência média de DG de 14.2%. O outcome primário seguiu critérios de diagnósticos semelhantes, apesar de classificações distintas. Conclusão A evidência disponível à data de realização da revisão sistemática indica que a medição da espessura do tecido adiposo abdominal visceral na mulher grávida por ecografia (11-14 semanas) parece ser um bom indicador preditivo de risco de DG.

Introduction Gestational Diabetes (GD) is the most common complication of pregnancy and whose incidence is increasing. In the general population, central fat deposition is an important risk factor for the development of metabolic diseases. In pregnancy, anthropometric evaluation is very restricted, being an evaluation of weight evolution during pregnancy based on pre-gestational body mass index. The calculation of visceral or subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue thickness in pregnant women by ultrasound (11-14 weeks) seems to be a potential opportunity to overcome the limitations of the use of anthropometric measurements as well as to evaluate the predisposition to develop metabolic disorders, as GD, during pregnancy, to an early nutritional intervention. Methods It was carried out a systematic review with selection of published articles from January 2000 to September 2020 in PubMed. The mesh terms of research will be "pregnancy", "adipose tissue", "obesity, abdominal", "insulin resistance" and "diabetes, gestational". Eligible studies are prospective cohorts in English. Eligible participants are pregnant women with single or multiple pregnancies during the first half of pregnancy and only healthy women or in samples in some who have comorbidities. The primary outcome measured was the development of GD. Results It was identified 1066 articles, which 38 were selected by title for reading the full text. Of those, 11 were included in the review. The number of patients ranged from 62 to 1048, with a total of 4931 pregnants in all studies included. The mean age of all participants was 29 years, and the mean prevalence of GD was 14.2%. The primary outcome followed similar diagnostic criteria, besides different classifications. Conclusion The evidence available at the time of systematic review indicates that the measurement of visceral abdominal adipose tissue thickness in women pregnant by ultrasonography (11-14 weeks) seems to be a good predictive indicator of risk of GD.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2021

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Diabetes gestacional, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Tecido adiposo, Tecido adiposo visceral, Gravidez, Obesidade abdominal, Nutrição

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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