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Neoplasia da mama: utilização de duplo bloqueio em terapêutica neoadjuvante

Authors: Teixeira, Andreia Isabel Ataíde Martins;

Neoplasia da mama: utilização de duplo bloqueio em terapêutica neoadjuvante

Abstract

Introdução: O cancro da mama HER2-positivo era considerado de mau prognóstico até há cerca de duas décadas. Esta situação veio a alterar-se com a aprovação do trastuzumab, um agente anti-HER2, após ter sido demonstrado um aumento significativo da sobrevivência global e da sobrevivência livre de progressão na doença metastática, resultante da adição deste agente à quimioterapia citotóxica. Com a descoberta da possibilidade de heterodimerização entre recetores da família do HER2, foram aprovados novos fármacos, como o pertuzumab, que associado ao trastuzumab, veio proporcionar uma melhor taxa de resposta, em neoadjuvância. Neste estudo, pretende-se caracterizar a utilização de duplo bloqueio com trastuzumab + pertuzumab, em contexto neoadjuvante, no cancro da mama em estadio precoce e no cancro da mama localmente avançado e avaliar a resposta patológica completa (pCR) a esta terapêutica. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, observacional e retrospetivo, que incluiu doentes adultas diagnosticadas com cancro da mama HER2-positivo, submetidas à terapêutica com duplo bloqueio, seguidas e tratadas no Serviço de Oncologia do Hospital São Francisco Xavier, entre 2016 e 2021. Resultados: As doentes incluídas no estudo (n=24) apresentavam tumores HER2-positivos não metastizados, sendo a mediana de idades de 48 (26-69) anos. À data do diagnóstico, 14 (58,33%) apresentavam tumores operáveis, 6 (25,00%), tumores localmente avançados, 1 (4,17%) um tumor inflamatório, e 3 (12,50%), tumores designados “Não definido”. No momento da cirurgia, após receberem terapêutica neoadjuvante com duplo bloqueio associado a um taxano, 11 (45,83%) doentes tinham alcançado pCR. Destas 11, 7 (71,43 %) apresentavam recetores hormonais negativos. Quinze (62,5%) doentes realizaram mastectomia após terapêutica neoadjuvante. Das doentes em estudo, 75,00% apresentaram, pelo menos, uma reação adversa medicamentosa (RAM) durante o período de tratamento, sendo as mais frequentes: neutropenia (25,00%) e problemas gastrointestinais (41,67%). Conclusão: A percentagem de doentes que alcançaram a pCR encontra-se em consonância com a obtida no ensaio clínico Neosphere, demonstrando a mais-valia da utilização do duplo bloqueio. A ausência de recetores hormonais poderá estar associada à obtenção de uma maior taxa de pCR. Esta terapêutica não está associada à ocorrência significativa de RAM graves. A mastectomia continua a ser o tipo de cirurgia mais realizado.

Background: HER2-positive breast cancer was considered to have a poor prognosis until about two decades ago. This situation has changed with the approval of trastuzumab, an anti-HER2 agent, after it was demonstrated that its addition to the cytotoxic therapy resulted in a significant increase in the overall survival and in the progression-free-survival in metastatic breast cancer. With the discovery of the possibility of heterodimerization among receptors of the HER2 family, new drugs, such as pertuzumab, were approved, which combined with trastuzumab, provided a better response rate in neoadjuvant therapy. In this study, we intend to characterize the use of dual blockade with trastuzumab + pertuzumab, in a neoadjuvant context, in early-stage breast cancer and locally advanced breast cancer and to evaluate the pathological complete response (pCR) to this therapy. Methods: An observational, descriptive, retrospective study was performed. It included adult patients diagnosed with HER2-positive breast cancer, undergoing dual blockade therapy, followed up and treated at Hospital São Francisco Xavier Oncology Service, between 2016 and 2021. Results: The patients included in the study (n = 24) had non-metastasized HER2-positive tumors, with a median age of 48 (26-69) years. At the time of diagnosis, 14 (58.33%) had operable tumors, 6 (25.0%) had locally advanced tumors, 1 (4.17%) had an inflammatory tumor, and 3 (12.50%) had tumors designated “Non defined”. At the time of surgery, after receiving dual blockade neoadjuvant therapy associated with a taxane, 11 (45.83%) patients had achieved pCR. Of these, 7 (71.43%) had negative hormone receptors. Fifteen (62.5%) patients underwent mastectomy after neoadjuvant therapy. Seventy-five per cent of the patients included in the study had at least one adverse drug rection (ADR) during the treatment period, the most frequent being: neutropenia (25.00%) and gastrointestinal effects (41,67%). Conclusion: The percentage of patients who achieved pCR is in line with the one obtained in the Neosphere clinical trial, demonstrating the added value of using dual blockade. The absence of hormone receptors may be associated with a higher pCR rate. This therapy is not associated with the occurrence of serious ADR. Mastectomy remains the most commonly type of surgery performed.

Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2021, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.

Com o patrocínio do Hospital S. Francisco Xavier.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Ciências da Saúde, Pertuzumab, Cancro da mama HER2-positivo, Mestrado integrado - 2021, Trastuzumab, Duplo bloqueio, Resposta patológica completa (pCR)

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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