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Impacto dos cigarros eletrónicos no sistema cardiovascular

Authors: Santos, José Guilherme Duarte Marques dos;

Impacto dos cigarros eletrónicos no sistema cardiovascular

Abstract

Desde o seu aparecimento que os cigarros eletrónicos têm suscitado interesse tanto entre indivíduos fumadores como não fumadores. Esta curiosidade baseia-se na ideia introduzida inicialmente de que estes representam uma opção segura de consumo de tabaco porque permitem inalar uma menor quantidade de nicotina e não produzem os compostos que tornam tóxico o fumo dos cigarros tradicionais, uma vez a vaporização do e-liquid não é acompanhada de combustão. No entanto, com a introdução de modelos mais atuais de cigarros eletrónicos, nos quais é possível controlar a quantidade de nicotina inalada, o perigo da exposição ao vapor dos cigarros eletrónicos está a aproximar-se ao dos cigarros tradicionais. Além disso, atualmente sabe-se que parte dos compostos presentes neste vapor, como a nicotina, compostos oxidantes, aldeídos, matéria particulada e até alguns aromas, são prejudicais para o organismo. Tal como com os cigarros tradicionais, o sistema cardiovascular é um dos mais afetados pelo consumo de cigarros eletrónicos. A realização de estudos epidemiológicos, tanto em humanos como em animais, demonstrou que o uso de cigarros eletrónicos aumenta o risco de aparecimento de doenças cardiovasculares através de mecanismos como a ativação do sistema nervoso simpático, o stress oxidativo, a disfunção endotelial e a ativação plaquetária. Contudo, estes estudos mostraram também que numa exposição aguda e em comparação com o consumo de cigarros tradicionais, os cigarros eletrónicos são uma opção menos nociva. Apesar de os cigarros eletrónicos não estarem aprovados pelas autoridades reguladoras como meio para a cessação tabágica, atualmente alguns indivíduos iniciam o seu consumo com o propósito de reduzir ou parar o consumo de cigarros tradicionais, o que lhes permite manter a inalação de nicotina. Devido ao facto de esta ser uma tecnologia recente e de, apesar da sua crescente popularidade, não ser a forma de consumo preferencial dos indivíduos fumadores, existe muito pouca informação relativa à exposição crónica e quais os impactos que o vapor dos cigarros eletrónicos tem no organismo, o que justifica o desenvolvimento de novos estudos.

Since the emergence of electronic cigarettes that they have aroused the interest of both smokers and nonsmokers alike. This curiosity stems from the initial belief that these represent a safer option to consume tobacco, due to the fact that they allow the user to inhale a lower concentration of nicotine and from the fact that these do not produce the toxic compounds formed during smoking a cigarette, since the process of combustion does not occur during the vaporization of the e-liquid. However, with the introduction of more recent generations of electronic cigarettes in which you can control the amount of nicotine inhaled, the risks of the exposure to the aerosol formed during vaping is similar to the smoking experience. Moreover, part of the compounds of this vapor, like nicotine, oxidants, aldehydes, particulate matter and even some flavorings, have adverse effects on cardiovascular health. Like with cigarettes, the cardiovascular system is greatly affected by the use of electronic cigarettes. Epidemiological studies, in both humans and animals, have shown that the use of electronic cigarettes increases the cardiovascular risk by mechanisms like sympathetic nerve activation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and platelet activation. Nevertheless, these studies have also proved that the acute exposure to electronic cigarettes, comparing to smoking, has less risks associated. Although electronic cigarettes are not approved by the regulatory authorities for smoking cessation, these have been used by some individuals to reduce or cease the consume of traditional cigarettes, allowing them to maintain the inhalation of nicotine. Due to the fact that this is a recent technology and the fact that, despite the rising popularity, it is still not the main way people consume tobacco, there is little information regarding chronic exposure and the impact vaping has on the health of smokers, justifying the development of more studies.

Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2021, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Ciências da Saúde, Tabaco, Nicotina, Mestrado integrado - 2021, Cigarros eletrónicos, Risco cardiovascular, Sistema cardiovascular

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    popularity
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    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green