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O acesso a medicamentos inovadores: regras e condicionantes novos anticoagulantes orais

Authors: Carvalho, Afonso Lousinha Alcobia Mariano de;

O acesso a medicamentos inovadores: regras e condicionantes novos anticoagulantes orais

Abstract

O acesso a terapêuticas cada vez mais inovadoras traduz-se num aumento da esperança média de vida e um consequente aumento do índice de envelhecimento da população. A maior parte da população residente em Portugal é considerada idosa e sendo a idade um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares, estas acabam por ser as patologias que provocam o maior número de óbitos em Portugal. Dentro das patologias cardiovasculares destacam-se os eventos tromboembólicos que estão associados a uma taxa de mortalidade muito elevada e patologias como a doença isquémica, o enfarte agudo do miocárdio e as doenças cerebrovasculares são das mais mortais. Esta elevada taxa de mortalidade associada aos eventos tromboembólicos deve-se, em grande parte, às terapêuticas anticoagulantes que desde 1962 têm sido a terapêutica base no tratamento e na prevenção dos eventos tromboembólicos. A entrada dos novos anticoagulantes orais no mercado veio revolucionar a terapêutica anticoagulante que se manteve inalterada durante um longo período de tempo. Estas terapêuticas demonstraram uma eficácia clínica semelhante à dos anticoagulantes clássicos, mas permitem uma dose de administração fixa, têm menos reações adversas, menos interações e, mais importante, permitem que deixe de ser preciso monitorizar constantemente os doentes que estejam a fazer terapêutica anticoagulante. Com a entrada dos novos anticoagulantes orais no mercado, verificou-se que o consumo destas novas terapêuticas por parte da população aumentou substancialmente, o que se traduziu num aumento significativo dos encargos que estas terapêuticas têm para o serviço nacional de saúde. No entanto, chega-se à conclusão não só que existe acesso por parte da população a estas terapêuticas inovadoras devido ao crescimento do consumo das mesmas, mas também que o investimento por parte do serviço nacional de saúde é justificável pois houve uma redução drástica na taxa de mortalidade associada aos eventos tromboembólicos e às doenças cardiovasculares.

Access to innovative medicine is what drives the healthcare systems forward and leads to an increase of the national healthcare which translates into an overall growth of the average life expectancy. Most of Portugal’s population is considered elderly and since aging is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, these same diseases are the ones responsible for the majority of deaths in Portugal. Inside the cardiovascular diseases exist the thromboembolic events which are associated with high mortality rates due to three deadly diseases which are the ischemic diseases, acute myocardial infarctions (heart attack) and cerebrovascular diseases. The main factor responsible for these high mortality rates is that the anticoagulant therapeutic options for the treatment and prevention of thromboembolic events have been the same since 1962. The entry of the new oral anticoagulant medicine in the healthcare systems revolutionized the anticoagulant therapy that remained unchanged until now. These new therapeutic options when compared with old anticoagulant therapies, demonstrated an equivalent therapeutic effect and they allow the administration of a fixed dose regimen, have less adverse reactions, less interactions and, more importantly, they don’t require a close patient monitoring. Since the entry of these new oral anticoagulant therapies, we observe a substantial increase in the populations consumption of these new therapies which also leads to an increase in the Portuguese’s national healthcare system expenses. We can also conclude that exists an overall high access to these new medicines due to an increase of their consumption. This increase also translates into high expenses for the Portuguese national healthcare system which seem to be justifiable due to the drastic reduction in the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and the reduction of the overall mortality rates of most thromboembolic events.

Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2020, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.

Com o patrocínio da Farmácia Central de Carnaxide.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Acesso, Novos anticoagulantes orais, Ciências da Saúde, Encargos, Mestrado integrado - 2021, Antagonistas da vitamina K

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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