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Produtos naturais com potencial leishmanicida

Authors: Júlio, Teresa Isabel Miranda;

Produtos naturais com potencial leishmanicida

Abstract

A Leishmaniose é uma doença provocada por protozoários do género Leishmania, transmitida ao ser humano e a outros mamíferos através da picada de flebotomíneos fêmeas infetados. É endémica ao nível das regiões tropicas, subtropicais e no Sul da Europa, mas de modo predominante nos países em desenvolvimento, sendo considerada uma doença negligenciada. A disseminação para outras regiões geográficas é possível, sendo as alterações climáticas associadas ao aquecimento global um dos fatores que pode predispor para que tal ocorra. A Leishmaniose pode ser classificada como: cutânea, com manifestações clínicas que podem variar desde uma única lesão na pele, até numerosas lesões com ou sem ulceração associada; mucocutânea, em que se constatam lesões invasivas e destrutivas da mucosa nasofaríngea, podendo causar desfiguração permanente com prognóstico reservado; visceral, a forma clínica mais grave que afeta o fígado, baço e medula óssea, e que na ausência de tratamento é fatal. Ainda não existe uma vacina comercializada e o arsenal terapêutico atual assenta principalmente na utilização de derivados antimoniais pentavalentes, anfotericina B e a sua formulação lipossomal, pentamidina, miltefosina e paromomicina. Este reduzido arsenal terapêutico está associado a emergente resistência dos parasitas, eficácia variável, efeitos secundários graves, extensa duração do tratamento, elevados custos e vias de administração que não são práticas, condicionando a adesão terapêutica. É necessário desenvolver alternativas à terapêutica convencional, menos tóxicas e de acesso viável às populações mais afetadas, que são geralmente as mais desfavorecidas economicamente. É neste âmbito que surge a importância do estudo de produtos naturais que apresentem potencial para ultrapassar as limitações da terapêutica atual. Nesta monografia efetuou-se a abordagem de formas clínicas da Leishmaniose, terapêutica convencional e as suas limitações e de produtos naturais de origem vegetal com potencial leishmanicida que representam uma oportunidade enquanto alternativas para o tratamento desta doença. A análise destes produtos naturais de origem vegetal, baseada nos estudos científicos publicados, incidiu sobre as suas propriedades, atividade leishmanicida, mecanismo de ação e toxicidade.

Leishmaniasis is a disease provoked by protozoans of genus Leishmania, transmitted to humans and other mammals through the bite of infected sandflies females. It is endemic in the tropics, subtropical regions and Southern Europe, but predominantly in developing countries, being considered a neglected disease. Dissemination to other geographic regions is possible, with climate change associated with global warming being one of the factors that can predispose this to occur. Leishmaniasis can be classified as: cutaneous, with clinical manifestations that can vary from a single lesion on the skin, to numerous lesions with our without associated ulceration; mucocutaneous, in which invasive and destructive lesions of the nasopharyngeal mucosa are found, that can cause permanent disfigurement with a poor prognosis; visceral, the most serious clinical form that affects the liver, spleen and bone marrow, and which in the absence of treatment is fatal. There is still no commercialized vaccine and the current therapeutic arsenal is based mainly on the use of pentavalent antimonial compounds, amphotericin B and its liposomal formulation, pentamidine, miltefosine and paromomycin. This reduced therapeutic arsenal is associated with the emergence of parasite resistance, variable efficacy, serious side effects, extensive treatment duration, high costs and routes of administration that are not practical, conditioning therapeutic adherence. It is necessary to develop alternatives to conventional therapy, less toxic and with viable access to the most affected populations, which are generally the most economically disadvantaged. It is in this context that the importance of studying natural products that have the potential to overcome the limitations of current therapy arises. This monograph approached the clinical forms of Leishmaniasis, conventional therapy and its limitations, and natural products of plant origin with leishmanicidal potential that represent an opportunity as alternatives for the treatment of this disease. The analysis of these natural products of plant origin, based on published scientific studies, focused on their properties, leishmanicidal activity, mechanism of action and toxicity.

Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2020, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.

Entidade financiadora - Farmácia Santiago

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Leishmania, Produtos naturais, Ciências da Saúde, Leishmanicida, Origem vegetal, Leishmaniose, Mestrado Integrado - 2020

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green