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Doença vascular porto-sinusoidal e trombose da veia porta : a propósito de um caso clínico

Authors: Moreira, Eduarda Inês Domingues;

Doença vascular porto-sinusoidal e trombose da veia porta : a propósito de um caso clínico

Abstract

A hipertensão portal (HTP) clinicamente significativa é um dos desfechos mais temidos na doença hepática crónica. Embora a cirrose seja a causa mais frequente de HTP nos países desenvolvidos, muitas outras patologias hepáticas podem causar esta entidade, entre as quais, a doença vascular porto-sinusoidal (DVPS) que veio substituir a designação de “hipertensão portal idiopática não cirrótica (HTPINC)”, patologia hepática que recebeu interesse renovado na última década. A nomenclatura “HTPINC” é ambígua sendo também referida como “esclerose hepatoportal”, “fibrose portal não cirrótica”, “cirrose septal incompleta” ou “hiperplasia nodular regenerativa”. Atualmente, sabe-se que a trombose da veia porta (TVP) complica frequentemente a HTPINC, tornando o diagnóstico desta entidade difícil no caso dos doentes serem avaliados após a ocorrência de obstrução/trombose extra-hepática da veia porta. A nova terminologia doença vascular porto-sinusoidal (DVPS), deve ser considerada nos doentes com ou sem HTP na ausência de cirrose histológica, mas com sinais histológicos caraterísticos desta entidade. Atualmente, o único exame capaz de diferenciar entre a DVPS e a cirrose é a biópsia hepática. Novos métodos não invasivos, nomeadamente a elastografia hepática, estão a ser considerados para o diagnóstico de DVPS, pois nesta a rigidez hepática tem sido referida como sendo <10kPa. O estudo hemodinâmico hepático é também importante sendo o gradiente de pressão porto-sinusoidal frequentemente inferior a 10 mmHg. Relativamente à terapêutica da DVPS, atualmente esta consiste no manejo de manifestações clínicas da HTP, a qual é semelhante à da cirrose. A anticoagulação é essencial no tratamento da TVP na DVPS. Neste sentido, torna-se pertinente o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, no qual é apresentado um caso clínico de DVPS e trombose extra-hepática da veia porta (TEHVP) com o objetivo de uma revisão da literatura existente em relação à visão geral das denominações, etiologia, fisiopatologia e manejo da DVPS e TVP.

Portal hypertension (PHT) is one of the most feared outcomes in chronic liver disease. Although cirrhosis is the most frequent cause of PHT in developed countries, other liver disorders including porto-sinsusoidal vascular disease (PSVD) may cause this entity. PSVD has replaced the term idiopathic non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (INCPH), an entity that has received renewed interest in the last decade. The term INCPH is quite ambiguous and is also referred to as “hepatoportal sclerosis”, “non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis”, “incomplete septal cirrhosis” or “nodular regenerative hyperplasia”. Currently, it is known that portal vein thrombosis (PVT) often complicates INCPH, making it difficult to diagnose this entity according to current guidelines if the patients are evaluated after the occurrence of extrahepatic obstruction / thrombosis of the portal vein. Recently, the term PSVD has been proposed to be considered in patients with histological signs of INCPH with or without PHT in the absence of histological cirrhosis. Currently, the only test capable of the differential diagnosis between PSVD and cirrhosis is a liver biopsy. Non-invasive diagnostic methods, namely hepatic elastography are being considered for the diagnosis of PSVD because liver stiffness in PSVD usually is <10KPa. Liver hemodynamic study is also important as the hepatic venous pressure gradient in these patients is often less than 10 mmHg. Treatment of PSVD currently consists of management of the clinical manifestations of PHT, which is similar to that of cirrhosis. Anticoagulation is essential in the treatment of PVT in PSVD.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2021

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Trombose da veia porta, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Hipertensão portal idiopátia, Doença vascular porto-sinusoidal, Cirrose hepática, Hipertensão portal não cirrótica

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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Green