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Padrão alimentar vegetariano na gravidez e desenvolvimento fetal

Authors: Fernandes, Andreia Filipa Esteves;

Padrão alimentar vegetariano na gravidez e desenvolvimento fetal

Abstract

Introdução: A gravidez é um período no qual uma alimentação/nutrição materna adequada é fundamental para o apropriado desenvolvimento fetal. Um estado nutricional desajustado tem sido relacionado com complicações na gravidez e nascimento. Atualmente as dietas vegetarianas têm uma popularidade crescente, no entanto, podem estar associadas a riscos aumentados de carências nutricionais e energéticas. Objetivos: Este estudo procura analisar a informação existente na literatura científica e perceber se o padrão alimentar vegetariano tem implicações na gravidez, na gestante e no desenvolvimento fetal. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura científica, com uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados Pubmed, Scielo, Lilacs, Science Direct de estudos publicados entre 2010-2021. Critérios de inclusão: grávidas com padrão alimentar vegetariano; > 18 anos; artigos de língua portuguesa, inglesa e castelhana. Conclusão: Um padrão alimentar vegetariano associa-se a um maior aporte de fibras, magnésio, ácido fólico, vitaminas B1, C e E. No entanto, poderá comprometer a adequação de alguns nutrientes, tais como: ácidos gordos ómega-3, iodo, cálcio, ferro, zinco e vitaminas B12 e D. O risco destas deficiências nutricionais está aumentado quanto mais restritivo e desequilibrado for este padrão. Assim, garantindo que as necessidades da grávida são asseguradas, a adoção de um padrão alimentar vegetariano deve ser planeado e adaptado às necessidades fisiológicas da gestante e ao adequado desenvolvimento fetal. Sendo imperativo um aconselhamento pré-natal adequado. Adicionalmente, a literatura mostra uma ligação entre os défices nutricionais e possíveis repercussões na saúde materno-fetal, embora as evidências científicas não sejam esclarecedoras.

Introduction: Pregnancy is a period in which adequate maternal nutrition is essential for a proper fetal development. A compromised nutritional status has been associated to complications in pregnancy and birth. Currently, vegetarian diets have had an increase in popularity, however, they may be associated with increased risks of nutritional and energy deficiencies. Objectives: The study aims to analyze the information in the scientific literature and understand whether the vegetarian dietary pattern has implications in pregnancy, pregnant women and fetal development. Methodology: The study is a narrative review of the scientific literature, searched in the databases PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, Science Direct of studies published between 2010-2021.Inclusion criteria: pregnant women with vegetarian dietary pattern; > 18 years of age; articles in Portuguese/English/Spanish. Conclusion: A vegetarian dietary pattern is associated with a higher intake of dietary fiber, folic acid, magnesium, vitamins C and E. However, it may compromise the adequacy of some nutrients such as: omega-3 fatty acids, iodine, calcium, iron, zinc and vitamins B12 and D. The risk of these nutritional deficiencies is increased the more restrictive and unbalanced this pattern is. Thus, to ensure that the needs of the pregnant woman are met, the adoption of a vegetarian dietary pattern must be planned and adapted to hers physiological needs and to the appropriate fetal development, being imperative an adequate prenatal counseling. In addition, the literature has shown a link between nutritional deficits and possible repercussions on maternal and fetal health, although the scientific evidence is not conclusive.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2021

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Desenvolvimento fetal, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Macronutrientes, Dieta vegetariana, Dieta vegana, Deficiências nutricionais, Gravidez, Micronutrientes, Vitaminas

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green