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Microrganismos anaeróbios

Authors: Bento, André Filipe Fragoso;

Microrganismos anaeróbios

Abstract

As bactérias anaeróbias e as infeções por estas causadas, tiveram os seus altos e baixos na história médica, sendo frequentemente negligenciadas, especialmente na altura do descobrimento dos antibióticos. Mais tarde, com o desenvolvimento de novas resistências voltaram a ser consideradas clinicamente relevantes. As bactérias anaeróbias são os microrganismos predominantes na pele humana saudável e membranas mucosas sendo, portanto, uma causa comum de infeções de origem endógena. Os locais de infeção são, comumente, os mesmos da flora, sendo que o espectro de gravidade varia desde abscessos locais a infeções graves. Os anaeróbios são organismos fastidiosos, sendo que o seu isolamento requer métodos apropriados de colheita, transporte e cultivo e o diagnóstico requer suspeita clínica e identificação microbiológica adequada. A falha em direcionar a terapêutica adequada contra estes organismos pode levar a complicações clínicas graves. O tratamento da infeção anaeróbia é complicado pelo crescimento lento destes organismos, pela sua natureza polimicrobiana e pela crescente resistência dos anaeróbios aos antibióticos. Em alguns casos, a terapêutica antibiótica é a única arma terapêutica necessária, noutros a abordagem cirúrgica torna-se relevante. Como as bactérias anaeróbias geralmente são recuperadas concomitantemente com organismos aeróbicos, a escolha de agentes antimicrobianos adequados deve fornecer cobertura adequada a ambos os tipos de patógenos. Assim, este Trabalho de Final de Mestrado tem como principal objetivo a revisão dos conceitos-chave e mais recentes atualizações sobre os microrganismos anaeróbios. Entre os temas a abordar encontram-se o espectro clínico, metodologia diagnóstico, e estratégias de otimização do tratamento e prevenção, sendo que para tal, foi efetuada uma revisão da literatura mais relevante na área, complementada com artigos adicionais identificados através das referências bibliográficas das publicações selecionadas.

Anaerobic bacteria and the infections they cause have had their ups and downs in medical history and are often overlooked, especially at the time of the discovery of antibiotics. Later, as new resistance develops, they will be considered clinically relevant. Anaerobic bacteria are the predominant microorganisms in healthy human skin and mucous membranes and are therefore a common cause of endogenous infections. The sites of infection are commonly the same as the normal flora, with the spectrum of severity ranging from local abscesses to severe infections. Anaerobes are fastidious organisms, and their isolation requires appropriate methods of collection, transport and culture, and diagnosis requires clinical suspicion and adequate microbiological identification. Failure to target appropriate therapy against these organisms can lead to serious clinical complications. The treatment of anaerobic infections is complicated by the slow growth of these organisms, their polymicrobial nature and the increasing resistance of anaerobes to antibiotics. In some cases, antibiotic therapy is the only therapeutic weapon needed, in others the surgical approach becomes relevant. As anaerobic bacteria are usually recovered mixed with aerobic organisms, the choice of suitable antimicrobial agents should provide adequate coverage for both types of pathogens. Thus, this master’s degree Work has as its main objective the review of key concepts and the most recent updates on anaerobic microorganisms. Among the topics to be addressed are the clinical spectrum, diagnostic methodology, and strategies for optimizing treatment and prevention, and for this, a review of the most relevant literature in the area was carried out, complemented with additional articles identified through the bibliographic references of the selected publications.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2021

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Anaeróbios, Doenças transmissíveis, Tratamento, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Epidemiologia, Apresentação clínica

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green