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Terapia celular CAR-T

Authors: Marinheiro, Bernardo do Canto Lucas Antunes;

Terapia celular CAR-T

Abstract

Os CAR-T têm sido alvo de muita atenção por serem uma terapêutica inovadora, com excelentes resultados em casos em que mais nenhuma terapêutica os teve e por se tratar de uma imunoterapia com base no sistema imunitário do próprio doente. Inúmeros estudos estão a decorrer atualmente para desenvolver mais terapêuticas CAR-T, melhores e com menos efeitos adversos. Esta monografia foca-se em entender a ciência por detrás desta revolucionária terapêutica, a fim de que, após a leitura desta tese de mestrado, sejam claros os conceitos básicos por detrás desta terapêutica CAR-T, os obstáculos que enfrenta de momento e possíveis soluções futuras para tornar esta terapêutica mais viável e mais acessível como tratamento de primeira ou de segunda linha. Numa primeira parte da monografia, são abordados conceitos considerados base para o bom entendimento desta terapêutica como o sistema imunitário, desenvolvimento do cancro e a definição de CAR-T, assim como a estrutura destas células e a história do desenvolvimento desta terapêutica. Posteriormente, o foco centra-se nos tratamentos já em curso com a tecnologia CAR-T assim como fármacos já aprovados no mercado como o YESCARTA e o KYMRIAH. São abordados os protocolos destas terapêuticas, assim como os seus efeitos indesejados, avaliação e seleção dos doentes, consentimentos informados, preparação para o tratamento, gestão e monitorização dos doentes após o tratamento, relacionados com a casos de cancro pediátrico. Por fim, apresenta-se o primeiro caso clínico de sucesso da utilização da terapêutica CAR-T na Emily Whitehead, uma criança que tinha seis anos a quando do tratamento e que sofria de Leucemia Linfocítica Aguda. Acrescentam-se também alguma conclusões e prospeções futuras, como possíveis técnicas de alteração de células T a fim de melhorar o seu meio de ação e afinidade às células tumorais, obter menores efeitos adversos, maior especificidade e desenvolver métodos menos invasivos.

The CAR-T has been latest attention focus for being an innovative therapy with excellent results at times no other treatment had and for being an immunotherapy based on the patient's own immunologic system. Countless studies are happening at the moment to develop more and new CAR-Ts with better results and less adverse effects. This master thesis focuses on understanding the science behind this revolutionary immunotherapy. The basic concepts about CAR-T, the obstacles ahead and possible future improvements to the therapy will be a main focus in an attempt to reach better CAR-T treatments who might become second or even first line options for cancer patients. Firstly, in order to understand the therapy, it is necessary to set the ground by defining concepts such as immunotherapy cancer and how it appears and develops and the very one definition of CAR-T and their structure as well as the history behind their scientific growth. Secondly, the focus turns to treatments already accepted by the regulatory entities such as YESCARTA and MARIAH. The treatment protocols, adverse effects, evaluation and patient selection, informed consents, treatment preparation, management and monitorization of patients will be addressed. Thirdly, the first ever paediatric clinical case of success with CAR-T therapy is discussed as we dive in the case of Emily Whitehead, a girl that fought Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia at 6 years of age. A few final conclusions and future perspectives are shared, like possible new techniques to alter the T cells to better their action mechanism, their affinity to tumour cells and to reduce adverse effects.

Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2019

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Recetores celulares, Mestrado Integrado - 2019, Imunoterapia, Citocinas, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde, Cancro, CAR-T

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    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
Related to Research communities
Cancer Research