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Determinação experimental do fator corretivo de sombreamento através do método fisheye

Authors: Lage, Bianca Fernandes;

Determinação experimental do fator corretivo de sombreamento através do método fisheye

Abstract

Nos últimos anos tem-se verificado um aumento significativo do consumo de energia, sendo o setor dos edifícios aquele que verifica um aumento mais acentuado. A importância crescente da Certificação Energética de Edifícios tornou mais relevante a contabilização dos ganhos solares através dos vãos envidraçados, um dos termos cruciais para estabelecer o balanço de energia e procurar soluções de otimização do recurso solar e de sistemas de sombreamento, no sentido de reduzir as necessidades de energia para aquecimento e arrefecimento dos edifícios. Na presente dissertação, avalia-se o desempenho do método fisheye para a contabilização da influência do sombreamento, causado pelos obstáculos na radiação solar incidente em vãos envidraçados, tendo em vista a substituição dos outros métodos de contabilização considerados nos documentos normativos de cálculo de necessidades de energia. O método fisheye utiliza uma lente associada a um smartphone. A fim de verificar a existência de alguma diferença entre a oferta no mercado, foram utilizadas duas lentes. Sendo uma delas mais ampla que a outra, e aquando a sua comparação, observou-se que a diferença entre as mesmas, para os casos estudados, eram acima de 0,1 (valor a partir do qual se considerou significativo). Estudou-se a aplicação do método a vãos envidraçados de maior dimensão. Para tal, compararam-se os valores do fator de sombreamento referentes a uma fotografia no ponto central com a média dos valores de quatro fotografias distribuídas pela janela. Para três dos casos de estudo, apenas houve diferenças significativas para quatro orientações. O estudo das superfícies refletoras também se apresentou pertinente, uma vez que, até agora o método apenas considerava radiação direta e difusa. Para tal, recorreu-se ao estudo das duas superfícies refletoras distintas: a água e a calçada portuguesa de cor clara. Concluindo-se que a inclusão da reflexão no cálculo do fator de sombreamento é desprezável. Por fim, são comparados os valores obtidos através do método em estudo com os métodos em vigor na legislação, para as diferentes orientações. Observou-se que para alguns casos, o método fisheye tem a capacidade de uma melhor contabilização dos obstáculos o que explica as diferenças significativas encontradas quando comparado com os métodos apresentados na legislação.

In the last few years there has been a significant increase in energy consumption, with the building sector experiencing the most significant increase. The growing importance of the Energy Certification of Buildings has made it more relevant to account for solar gains through glazed windows, one of the crucial terms to establish the energy balance and to search for solutions to optimize the solar resource and shading systems, in order to reduce the energy needs for heating and cooling of buildings. In the present dissertation, the performance of the fisheye method for accounting for the influence of shading caused by obstacles on the incident solar radiation in glazed spans is evaluated, with a view to replacing the other accounting methods considered in the normative documents for calculating energy needs. The fisheye method uses a lens associated with a smartphone. To ascertain any difference of lenses available in the market, two different fisheye lenses where used. As one of them is wider than the other, and when comparing them, it was observed that the difference between them, for the cases studied, were above 0.1 (value from which it was considered significant). We studied the application of the method to larger windows. To this end, the values of the shading factor referring to one photograph at the central point were compared with the average of the values of four photographs distributed by the window. For three of the case studies, there were only significant differences for four orientations. The study of reflective surfaces was also important, given that only direct and diffuse radiation were considered. For this study, water and clear Portuguese pavement were used. The conclusion is that the inclusion of reflection in the calculation of the shading factor is negligible. Finally, the various values obtained through this method are compared with those provided in the Portuguese legislation, for different orientations. It was observed that for some cases, the fisheye method has the capacity to better account for obstacles, which explains the significant differences found when compared to the methods presented in the legislation.

Tese de mestrado integrado, Engenharia da Energia e do Ambiente, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2021

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Fator de sombreamento, orientação, Departamento de Engenharia Geográfica, Geofísica e de Energia, Teses de mestrado - 2020, janelas, método fisheye

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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Green