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Traumatismo da laringe

Authors: Tabarcea, Larisa;

Traumatismo da laringe

Abstract

O traumatismo da laringe é nos dias de hoje relativamente raro e ocorre frequentemente em contexto de politrauma, por vezes com sintomas inespecíficos. Os doentes tipicamente apresentam dor, dispneia, disfagia associada a estridor, enfisema subcutâneo e hemoptises. No entanto, pelas suas funções, na respiração, deglutição e fonação, o diagnóstico ou tratamento tardios podem colocar em risco a vida do doente. O exame objetivo combinado com laringoscopia flexível e tomografia computorizada constituem elementos chave no diagnóstico e triagem destes doentes. Qualquer intervenção necessária para garantir a via aérea deve preferencialmente passar por traqueostomia com anestesia local. Não existe ainda um único algoritmo universal na abordagem deste tipo específico de traumatismo. O sistema de classificação e tratamento proposto por Schaefer continua a servir de base para a maioria dos protocolos de atuação médica. Contudo, cada tratamento deve ser individualizado de acordo com o grupo e a severidade do trauma. Como em qualquer outra situação de traumatismo, quanto mais precoce a abordagem cirúrgica, melhores são os resultados funcionais sendo as primeiras 24 horas fundamentais nos traumatismos mais graves. Laringoscopia direta e esofagoscopia devem preceder o tratamento ou exploração cirúrgica sempre que possível. O tratamento tardio pode aumentar as complicações como estenose, disfonia, formação de tecido de granulação e fístulas.

Laryngeal trauma is relatively rare in our days and occurs frequently in the context of polytrauma, sometimes with non-specific symptoms. Patients usually experience pain, dyspnea, dysphagia associated with stridor, subcutaneous emphysema and hemoptysis. However, due to its functions in phonation, swallowing and breathing, late diagnosis or treatment can be life-threatening. Clinical examination combined with flexible laryngoscopy and computed tomography are essential elements in the diagnosis and selection of these patients. Any intervention necessary to guarantee the airway should preferably undergo a tracheostomy with local anesthesia. There is no single universal algorithm to address this specific type of trauma. The classification and treatment system proposed by Schaefer continues to serve as a base for most medical protocols. Therefore, each treatment must be individualized according to the group and the severity of the trauma. As in any other trauma situation, the earlier the surgical approach, better the functional results, being the first 24 hours essential for more severe trauma. Direct laryngoscopy and esophagoscopy should precede surgical treatment or exploration whenever possible. Late treatment can increase complications such as stenosis, dysphonia, formation of granulation tissue and fistulas.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2020

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Otorrinolaringologia, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Lesão do pescoço, Trauma das vias aéreas, Traumatismo da laringe, Laringe

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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