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Barotrauma do ouvido médio no mergulho

Authors: Batista, Gonçalo Nuno Freitas;

Barotrauma do ouvido médio no mergulho

Abstract

Ao longo das últimas décadas, o mergulho recreativo tem vindo a ganhar muita popularidade. Apesar desta prática desportiva ser considerada segura, acarreta alguns riscos, nomeadamente na área da otorrinolaringologia. O ambiente subaquático implica alterações fisiológicas associadas principalmente a grandes profundidades, no entanto, o mergulho a pequenas profundidades pode levar ao barotrauma. O barotrauma do ouvido médio, considerado a lesão mais comum no mergulho, ocorre em 30% dos mergulhadores inexperientes e em 10% dos mergulhadores experientes. Este é provocado por um desequilíbrio de pressão entre a cavidade do ouvido médio em relação à pressão ambiente no exterior do corpo, mais precisamente, à pressão da água exercida na profundidade em que o mergulhador se encontra. A falta de treino e de conhecimento dos mergulhadores menos experientes no momento de realização das manobras de equalização, essenciais para a realização de um correto mergulho, pode conduzir ao barotraumatismo. Existem inúmeras manobras de equalização do ouvido médio, sendo a de Valsava a mais utilizada pelos mergulhadores. A prevenção é extremamente importante pois pode evitar a ocorrência de barotrauma ou até a sua recorrência. Deste modo, é aconselhável que, antes do mergulho, o mergulhador recorra a um especialista a fim de diagnosticar e tratar possíveis alterações a nível do ouvido que impeçam uma segura prática do mergulho.

Over the past few decades, recreational diving has gained a lot of popularity. Although this sport practice is considered safe, it carries some risks, notably in the area of otolaryngology. The underwater environment implies physiological changes associated mainly with great depths. However, diving at small depths can lead to barotrauma. Middle ear barotrauma, considered the most common diving injury, occurs in 30% of inexperienced divers and in 10% of experienced divers. This is caused by an imbalance of pressure between the middle ear cavity in relation to the environment pressure outside the body, more precisely, to the water pressure exerted at the depth which the diver is. The lack of training and knowledge of less experienced divers, at the moment of carrying out the equalization maneuvers, which is essential for accomplishment of a correct dive, can lead to barotrauma. There are numerous middle ear equalization maneuvers, with Valsava being the most used by divers. Prevention is extremely important as it can prevent the occurrence of barotrauma or even its recurrence. Therefore, it is advisable that, before diving, the diver goes to a specialist to diagnose and treat possible ear changes that prevent a safe practice of diving.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2020

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Barotrauma do ouvido médio, Otorrinolaringologia, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Prevenção, Mergulho, Técnicas de equalização

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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Green