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Surdez mitocondrial

Authors: Bexiga, Ana Rita Rodrigues;

Surdez mitocondrial

Abstract

As mitocôndrias são organelos intracelulares presentes nas células eucarióticas. Apesar de serem principalmente reconhecidas pela produção de ATP, através da fosforilação oxidativa, estes organelos desempenham inúmeras funções, ao nível da apoptose e controlo do stress oxidativo. Desta forma, a disfunção mitocondrial compromete inúmeros aspetos da dinâmica celular. É este o mecanismo originário de diversas patologias, inclusivamente surdez. Estima-se que 2% dos casos de défice auditivo estejam associados a disfunção mitocondrial. A disfunção mitocondrial pode resultar em défice auditivo isolado (não-sindrómico) ou enquadrado num síndrome mitocondrial sistémico (sindrómico). A perda auditiva associada a disfunção mitocondrial é exclusivamente simétrica, neuro-sensorial e afeta primariamente as frequências mais elevadas, contudo poderá progredir para o envolvimento de todas as frequências. A mitocôndria contém o seu próprio genoma, o ADNmt, que é distinto do ADNn. As doenças mitocondriais podem resultar de mutações em genes nucleares que codifiquem proteínas mitocondriais ou mutações do ADNmt. Subsequentemente, o défice auditivo mitocondrial pode seguir um padrão mendeliano ou de hereditariedade materna, respetivamente.

Mitochondria are intracellular organelles in eukaryotic cells. They are mainly responsible for ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation, but also have a series of specific functions, including apoptosis and oxidative stress control. Therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction, compromises several aspects of cellular dynamic, and can lead to a range of diseases, including hearing loss. It is estimated that 2% of the hearing loss cases are related with mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a cause of hearing loss both in isolation (non-syndromic) and as a feature of systemic mitochondrial disease (syndromic). The hearing loss of mithocondrial disease is exclusively symmetrical, sensorineural and primarily affects the higher frequencies, although progressive disease can lead to pan-frequency hearing loss. Mitochondria maintain their own genome, the mtDNA, which remains distinct from nuclear genome. This means mitochondrial disease can result from mutation in nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins or from mutation of mtDNA. Subsequently, mitochondrial hearing loss can be inherited following either a mendelian or maternal inheritance pattern.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2020

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Hereditariedade materna, Otorrinolaringologia, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Mitocôndria, Disfunção mitocondrial, Surdez, Mutação

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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