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Obesidade e infertilidade feminina : fisiopatologia e tratamento

Authors: Costa, Ana Catarina dos Santos;

Obesidade e infertilidade feminina : fisiopatologia e tratamento

Abstract

Ao longo dos tempos tem-se verificado uma correlação entre obesidade e infertilidade feminina, ambas com prevalências muito significativas na atualidade. As mulheres obesas apresentam maior tempo até à conceção, menos gestações espontâneas, mais disfunções menstruais e, apesar de maior procura de técnicas de procriação medicamente assistida, piores resultados nas mesmas. A fisiopatologia da infertilidade ligada à obesidade não é clara e assenta numa desregulação hormonal e de todas as etapas do sistema reprodutor feminino, desde do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-ovário até ao próprio endométrio. Esta desregulação apresenta várias causas como alterações nas concentrações de insulina, leptina e adiponectina, bem como uma inflamação crónica sistémica, lipotoxicidade e hiperglicemias presentes no organismo de mulheres obesas. A melhor terapêutica a implementar nestas doentes passa pela perda de peso através de modificações do estilo de vida, de agentes farmacológicos ou mesmo de cirurgia bariátrica dado que além da infertilidade, as mulheres obesas apresentam piores outcomes obstétricos. Assim, com este trabalho pretende-se expor, sob a forma de revisão bibliográfica, os mecanismos fisiopatológicos segundo os quais a obesidade em mulheres em idade fértil origina, por si só, infertilidade, excluindo situações relacionadas com a síndrome do ovário poliquístico. Propõe-se, ainda, uma pequena revisão de diversos estudos focados na perda de peso em mulheres obesas inférteis e na melhoria da fertilidade após a mesma.

Over time there has been a correlation between obesity and female infertility, both significantly prevalent nowadays. Obese women need longer time to conceve, have fewer spontaneous pregnancies, more menstrual dysfunctions and, despite greater demand for medically assisted procreation techniques, worse outcomes. The pathophysiology of how obesity is linked to infertility is unclear. There is evidentce that it is based on hormonal dysregulation and disturbance of all stages of the female reproductive system, from the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis to the endometrium itself. This dysregulation has different causes such as changes in insulin, leptin and adiponectin concentrations, as well as conditions such as chronic systemic inflammation, lipotoxicity and hyperglycemia, all seen in obese women. The best therapy for these patients is weight loss either through lifestyle modifications, pharmacological agents or even bariatric surgery. In addition to infertility, obese women also have worse obstetric outcomes. Therefore, this paper intends to expose, in the form of a bibliographic review, the mechanisms of disease according to which obesity in women of childbearing age leads to infertility, excluding situations related to polycystic ovary syndrome. It is also proposed a small review of several studies focused on weight loss in infertile obese women and the improvement of fertility after it.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2020

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Infertilidade feminina, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Obesidade, Restauração da fertilidade, Fisiopatologia

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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