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Otorrinolaringologia e Ehlers-Danlos : caso-clínico

Authors: Carnevale, Ricardo Filipe Gaspar;

Otorrinolaringologia e Ehlers-Danlos : caso-clínico

Abstract

A Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos (EDS) corresponde a um conjunto de entidades patológicas hereditárias com alterações ao nível do tecido conjuntivo. Os 13 subtipos definidos apresentam em comum, na maioria dos casos, hipermobilidade articular, hiperelasticidade da pele e fragilidade tecidular. Contudo, todos eles apresentam entre si uma grande variabilidade sintomática e diferentes graus de gravidade, o que explica o seu difícil diagnóstico clínico e razão pela qual se considera ser uma doença subdiagnosticada. Nesse contexto, este trabalho apresenta um caso clínico de uma doente com provável EDS hipermóvel (hEDS), cujas principais manifestações do caso são disfagia, roncopatia, hipermobilidade articular e hiperelasticidade cutânea. Do estudo otorrinolaringológico realizado foi identificado um alongamento da úvula como possível causa dessa disfagia e foi colocada a hipótese de existirem concomitantemente alterações funcionais da faringe, a confirmar posteriormente num estudo de deglutição. Estudos genéticos realizados revelaram a presença de uma mutação heterozigótica do gene TNXB, estando esta associada à hEDS, de acordo com alguns estudos. A junção dos dados clínicos e do estudo genético levou à consideração deste diagnóstico, apesar da presença de sintomas pouco comuns. Esta apresentação atípica com disfagia e roncopatia serve para demonstrar a necessidade de se considerar a EDS como uma doença com manifestação clínica variável e com um impacto mais importante do que se suspeita, incluindo em áreas normalmente não associadas à EDS como a da otorrinolaringologia. Partindo desta apresentação clínica foi preciso delinear uma terapia, mas as opções terapêuticas existentes ainda são limitadas e geralmente dirigidas apenas ao tratamento sintomático, sendo necessário adaptá-las a cada situação. Neste caso foi considerado iniciar terapêutica reabilitativa com terapia da fala e da deglutição, intervenção cirúrgica ou ambas para tratar a disfagia, tendo a roncopatia sido mais facilmente controlada com tiras nasais.

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) consists in a set of hereditary pathological entities defined by alterations of the connective tissue. All 13 defined subtypes have in common, in most cases, joint hypermobility, hyperelasticity of the skin and tissue fragility. Despite this, they all present a great symptomatic variability and different degrees of severity, which explains why it is difficult to diagnose and why it is considered to be an underdiagnosed disease. In this context, this paper presents the clinical case of a patient with probable hypermobile EDS (hEDS) diagnosis, in which her main symptoms are dysphagia, snoring, joint hypermobility and cutaneous hyperelasticity. The otorhinolaryngological observation identified a long uvula as a possible cause of this dysphagia and it was hypothesized that there were concomitant functional alterations of the pharynx that need to be confirmed in a deglutition study. Genetic studies have revealed the presence of a heterozygous mutation of the TNXB gene which is associated with hEDS, according to some studies. The combination of the clinical data and the results of the genetic study led to the consideration of this diagnosis despite the presence of uncommon symptoms. This atypical presentation with dysphagia and snoring serves to demonstrate the need to consider EDS as a disease with a variable clinical presentation and with a more significant impact than we realize, including in areas not normally associated with EDS such as otorhinolaryngology. For this case it was necessary to delineate a therapy but the existing therapeutic options are still limited and are generally only meant for symptomatic treatment. That makes it necessary to adapt them to each situation. In this case, rehabilitation therapy with speech and deglutition therapy, surgical intervention or both were considered for treatment of the dysphagia, while the snoring was more easily controlled with the use of nasal strips.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2019

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Otorrinolaringologia, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Disfagia, Síndrome Ehlers-Danlos

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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