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O Microbioma na Doença Inflamatória Intestinal

Authors: Silva, Joana Morais Rodrigues Ferreira da;

O Microbioma na Doença Inflamatória Intestinal

Abstract

A doença inflamatória intestinal é a terminologia que engloba patologias inflamatórias crónicas, idiopáticas, no trato gastro-intestinal inferior. Nomeadamente, intestino delgado e grosso. Pode ser diferenciada em doença de crohn e colite ulcerosa. Apesar de não existir um mecanismo fisiopatológico bem caracterizado nem uma causalidade definida, actualmente sabe-se que é multifactorial. Assim sendo, a doença inflamatória intestinal resulta de uma panóplia de complexos fatores como predisposição genética e ambiental, desregulação imunológica e um desequilíbrio dos microorganismos intestinais. Cada vez mais se reconhece uma forte e estreita relação entre a microbiota intestinal e diversas patologias, inclusive esta. A microbiota intestinal humana é o conjunto de diferentes microrganismos que constituem o ecossistema intestinal. A maioria desses são bactérias e sabe-se que a sua morte, sobrevivência e desenvolvimento são influenciados por fatores como dieta, antibióticos, probióticos e prebióticos. Uma vez que a microbiota intestinal é um dos factores propícios ao desenvolvimento destas doenças inflamatórias, é importante entender as diferenças do microbioma nos indivíduos saudáveis e comparar com os indivíduos que sofrem de Doença inflamatória intestinal. Para isso recorre-se a análises metagenómicas, metataxonómicas, metabolômicas, etc. Conclui-se que existe uma relação entre uma maior biodiversidade do microbioma e a normal dinâmica imunológica no intestino. Não havendo um só microorganismo específico que cause ou que possa por si só regularizar a flora, pelo contrário, associações de espécies identificam-se como gatilhos se em concentrações propícias. Contudo, evidenciou-se que determinadas bactérias como Faecalibacterium e Bacteroidetes funcionam como auxiliares da regularização, diminuindo a inflamação devido, essencialmente, aos seus ácidos gordos de cadeia curta que inibem a progressão de mediadores inflamatórios. Numa época, onde cada vez menos ferramentas farmacotecnológicas existem para combater infecções, a área de desenvolvimento e conhecimento dos metabolitos sintetizados por microrganismos pode ser uma nova área de desenvolvimento.

An Inflammatory bowel disease is the terminology that includes chronic inflammatory conditions, idiopathic, in the lower gastrointestinal tract. Namely, small and large intestine. It can be differentiated into Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Although there is no well-characterized pathophysiological mechanism or definite causality, it is known to be multifactorial. Having said that, inflammatory bowel disease results from a panoply of complex factors such as genetic and environmental predisposition, immune dysregulation and an imbalance of intestinal microorganisms. After all, the human intestinal microbiota is the set of different microorganisms that make up the intestinal ecosystem. And most of these are bacteria and their death, survival and development are known to be influenced by factors such as diet, antibiotics, probiotics and prebiotics. Since the intestinal microbiota is one of the most important factors to the development of these inflammatory diseases, it is important to understand the differences of the microbiome in healthy individuals and compare it with individuals suffering from inflammatory bowel disease. For that it is used metagenomic, metataxonomic, metabolomic analyzes, etc. We can conclude that there is a relationship between greater microbiome biodiversity and normal immune dynamics in the gut. Since there is not one specific microorganism that causes or can regulate on its own the flora. On the contrary, combinations of strains are identified as triggers if in favorable concentrations. However, it has been shown that certain bacteria such as Faecalibacterium and Bacteroidetes work as regularization aid by decreasing inflammation due to short chain fatty acids that inhibit the progression of inflammatory. In short, at a time when less and less pharmacotechnological tools exist to combat infections the development knowledge of metabolites synthesized by microorganisms may be a new area of development.

Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2019

Farmácia Uruguai

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Inflamação, Ciências da Saúde, Mestrado Integrado - 2019, Microbiota, Doença intestinal inflamatória, Imunidade

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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Italian National Biodiversity Future Center