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Papel do termalismo no tratamento da rinossinusite crónica

Authors: Leal, Maria Beatriz Almeida Santos de Sousa;

Papel do termalismo no tratamento da rinossinusite crónica

Abstract

A água é um dos recursos naturais mais importantes, se não o mais importante para o Homem. Há milhares de anos que a água representa uma forma de satisfazer necessidades primárias, um caminho de navegação, meio de lazer e uma ferramenta terapêutica. As águas minerais naturais são a base do termalismo, e os vestígios desta prática remontam a uma época prévia à Antiguidade Grega. Existem diversos tipos de águas minerais naturais, que se diferenciam sobretudo pela composição química, mineralização e temperatura, tendo cada uma delas indicações terapêuticas específicas. Uma das doenças otorrinolaringológicas que pode beneficiar do tratamento termal é a Rinossinusite Crónica (RSC). A RSC é uma patologia muito prevalente, caracterizada por obstrução nasal, rinorreia, hipósmia e dor facial, que refletem uma inflamação crónica da mucosa nasal e perinasal, com ou sem polipose nasal. A primeira linha de tratamento inclui corticoides tópicos, irrigações nasais com solução salina e antibióticos orais. Com frequência, as opções atualmente disponíveis para tratar a RSC, incluindo a cirurgia, são ineficazes no alívio sintomático dos doentes. A RSC representa um fardo tanto para os doentes, como para o sistema de saúde. Diversas revisões sistemáticas, estudos observacionais, estudos clínicos controlados e meta-análises demonstraram as vantagens da irrigação nasal com aplicação de águas minerais naturais, quando comparado com a aplicação de solução salina ou placebo. Não só reduz a sintomatologia, como também resulta em alterações significativas fisiológicas, citológicas e imunológicas: menor tempo de transporte mucociliar, melhor fluxo nasal, menores níveis de IgE e menor resistência nasal. O tratamento termal é comprovadamente uma opção de tratamento válida para doentes com RSC, melhorando os resultados pós-cirúrgicos, trazendo melhoria sintomática, diminuindo a necessidade de utilizar fármacos e outras técnicas terapêuticas, melhorando a qualidade de vida, diminuindo o encargo total dos cuidados de saúde e inclusivamente diminuindo o absentismo laboral por doença.

Water is one of the, if not the most important natural resource available to Men. For thousands of years, water has represented a primal necessity, a traveling pathway, a place for leisure and a therapeutic tool. Mineral waters are at the base for thermal treatments, which have been practiced even before Ancient Greece times. There are many different kinds of mineral waters, mainly differentiated by their chemical composition, mineralization and temperature, each of which, have certain therapeutic indication. One of the otorhinolaryngology diseases that can benefit from thermal treatments is Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS). CRS is a highly prevalent disease, characterized by nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, hyposmia and facial pain, which reflect a chronic inflammation of the nasal and sinonasal mucosae, with or without nasal polyps. The basis of first-line treatment includes local corticoids, nasal irrigations with saline water and oral antibiotics. Often, this and other options now available to treat CRS, including surgery, are ineffective when it comes to symptomatic relief. CRS represents a burden to the patient and to the health care system. Several systematic reviews, observational studies, clinical trials and meta-analysis have demonstrated the advantages of nasal application of thermal water over saline solution and placebo. Not only does it bring symptomatic relief, but also reflects major physiologic, cytologic and immunological improvements: better mucociliar transport time and nasal flow, lower IgE levels and lower nasal resistance. Thermal treatment has been proven to be a valuable treatment option to patients with CRS, improving post-surgery outcomes, diminishing the needs for pharmacological treatments and other therapeutic techniques, bringing symptomatic relief, improving quality of life, lowering the burden on the health care system and even reflecting positively in illness-related work absenteeism.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2019

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Hidrologia médica, Otorrinolaringologia, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Tratamento termal, Termalismo, Rinossinusite crónica

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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Green