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As consequências do trabalho por turnos na saúde : uma revisão da literatura

Authors: Silva, João Bastos Braz da;

As consequências do trabalho por turnos na saúde : uma revisão da literatura

Abstract

Introdução: O trabalho por turnos constitui um elemento-chave do trabalho do séc. XXI. Podemos definir o trabalho por turnos como qualquer regime fora do horário laboral usual, cujo objetivo se centre no asseguramento de uma continuidade dos serviços prestados. O setor da saúde constitui um caso paradigmático do trabalho por turnos na atualidade, sofrendo os efeitos decorrentes das alterações do ciclo circadiano associadas a este regime. O trabalho por turnos para além de poder provocar alterações do sono pode influenciar também o desenvolvimento de diversas patologias físicas e psiquiátricas, interferindo com a saúde do indivíduo e com o funcionamento dos serviços de saúde. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura, entre 1972 e 2017, disponível integralmente no PubMed/MEDLINE, escrita em Inglês e que se debruçasse sobre as consequências do trabalho por turnos na saúde, usando as seguintes palavras-chave: shiftwork disorder, mental health, physical health, burnout, medical errors, doctors. Resultados: Foram identificados efeitos do trabalho por turnos ao nível do sono, saúde psíquica e física. Ao nível do sono, destaca-se o impacto na sonolência e insónia. No que toca à saúde psíquica, as alterações do humor, ideação suicida e abuso de substâncias são influenciadas por este regime laboral. A saúde física também é afetada no que diz respeito a patologias metabólica e cardiovascular, cancerígena, gastrointestinal, reprodutiva, produzindo ainda alterações cognitivas. O trabalho por turnos exerce, também, influência na síndrome de burnout e na esfera sociofamiliar. Em relação aos cuidados de saúde, este regime influencia negativamente os erros médicos e os cuidados de saúde prestados. Conclusões: O trabalho por turnos tem efeitos significativos tanto na saúde do trabalhador como na qualidade dos serviços de saúde. Urge identificar e conhecer estas alterações de modo a adotar as medidas necessárias para minorar os efeitos referidos, assegurando a qualidade dos cuidados de saúde prestados.

Background: Currently, shiftwork is a key characteristic of the working environment of the XXI century. We can define shiftwork as any work that takes place outside the usual working hours with the goal of providing a continuity of services. Healthcare constitutes a sector where shiftwork is particularly necessary. Because this kind of schedule causes a disruption in the circadian cycle, shiftwork can influence not only healthcare but also the development of multiple diseases, besides sleep disorders. Therefore, we should investigate the effects that shiftwork produces. Methods: Literature found on PubMed/MEDLINE from 1972 to 2017, with full text available written in English that assessed the effects of shiftwork on health using the following key-words: shiftwork disorder, mental health, physical health, Burnout, medical errors, doctors. Results: Shiftwork produces effects regarding sleep, physical and psychological health. Concerning sleep, there is an important impact in somnolence and insomnia. As to psychological health, depression, suicide ideation and substance abuse are influenced by this type of work schedule. Physical health is also affected by shiftwork, with an impact in metabolic, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and reproductive disease as well as in the development of cancer and cognitive performance deficits. Burnout and work/non-work conflicts are also influenced by shiftwork schedules. Regarding healthcare, shiftwork has a negative impact as it is associated with medical errors and worse quality of care. Conclusions: Shiftwork has a significative impact in workers’ health and in the healthcare system itself. Considering this, it is crucial to know how to identify this toll to adopt the necessary measures to minimize the effects of shiftwork both on workers’ health and on the healthcare system.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2019

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Efeitos na saúde, Trabalho por turnos, Cuidados de saúde

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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