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Osteopenia da prematuridade

Authors: Oliveira, Joana De Beir;

Osteopenia da prematuridade

Abstract

A osteopenia é uma das comorbilidades inerentes à prematuridade, consistindo na diminuição da massa óssea total associada a disrupção do metabolismo mineral. Surge frequentemente 6 a 16 semanas após o nascimento e permanece assintomática na grande maioria dos casos. Existem múltiplos fatores que aumentam o risco de desenvolver esta doença, como por exemplo insuficiência placentária, diminuição da idade gestacional e do peso à nascença, restrição de fluidos, imobilização e certos fármacos. No entanto, o principal fator etiológico são as reservas ósseas reduzidas de fósforo e/ou cálcio. Apesar de não haver normas de orientação clínica universais relativamente ao diagnóstico, este baseia-se atualmente na evidência bioquímica de hipofosfatémia e hiperfosfatásia e evidência radiológica de osteopenia e/ou fratura. Poderíamos optar por um algoritmo diagnóstico mais complexo e abrangente, tendo também em consideração características clínicas e hormonais e outros parâmetros bioquímicos e ferramentas imagiológicas. Esta é uma doença autolimitada, mas com consequências a curto e a longo prazo que devem ser evitadas. Para tal, é essencial a prevenção, proporcionando o aporte de cálcio, fósforo e vitamina D adequado para promover o crescimento ósseo normal, preferivelmente por via entérica através de fórmulas pré-termo ou leite humano fortificado. A estratégia de tratamento é semelhante.

Osteopenia is one of the inherent comorbidities of prematurity, consisting of a decrease in the total bone mass associated with the disruption of mineral metabolism. It often appears 6 to 16 weeks after birth and remains asymptomatic in the vast majority of the cases. There are multiple factors that increase the risk of developing this disease, such as placental insufficiency, reduction in gestational period, very low birth weight, fluid restriction, immobilization and certain drugs. However, the main etiological factor are the reduced bone stores of phosphorus and/or calcium. Although there are no universal guidelines for diagnosis, this is currently based on biochemical evidence of hypophosphatemia and hyperphosphatasia and radiological evidence of osteopenia and/or fracture. We could opt for a more complex and overarching diagnostic algorithm, also considering the clinical and hormonal characteristics and other biochemical parameters and imaging tools. This is a self-limiting disease, but with short- and long-term consequences that must be avoided. To this end, prevention is essential, providing adequate calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D supply to promote normal bone growth, preferably enterally using preterm formulas or fortified human milk. The treatment strategy is similar.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2019

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Pediatria, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Osteopenia, Cálcio, Fósforo, Metabolismo ósseo, Prematuridade

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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