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Carcinoma das células escamosas da orofaringe : era do HPV

Authors: Inácio, Inês Filipa Matos;

Carcinoma das células escamosas da orofaringe : era do HPV

Abstract

A incidência do carcinoma das células escamosas da orofaringe (CCEO) tem vindo a aumentar nas últimas décadas, aparentemente, devido à associação do mais recente fator de risco, o HPV, uma vez que as taxas deste relacionadas com outros fatores como tabaco e álcool têm vindo a diminuir. Nos EUA e Europa Ocidental, 70% a 80% dos casos de carcinoma das células escamosas da orofaringe, são atribuídos ao HPV, respetivamente. O CCEO HPV-positivo representa uma entidade biológica única, distinta dos restantes carcinomas da cabeça e do pescoço. Além das caraterísticas epidemiológicas, fatores de risco e carcinogénese, existem também diferenças clínicas e patológicas. A abordagem terapêutica dos CCEO HPV-positivos mantém-se igual aos CCEO não relacionados com o HPV. Contudo, dado os resultados e a morbilidade associada, novas abordagens cirúrgicas e tratamentos de desintensificação estão em andamento. Até agora os resultados disponíveis têm-se demonstrado bastante promissores, pelo que é provável que no futuro a abordagem destes tumores seja mais individualizada com base nas caraterísticas dos indivíduos e dos tumores. A vacinação contra o HPV, recomendada até agora para outros tipos de tumores, apresenta um potencial benefício na redução do risco dos CCEO HPV-positivos por ser dirigida a genótipos que também estão envolvidos nestes tumores. Também a educação dos indivíduos recomendando práticas sexuais seguras e hábitos para minimizar a exposição tabágica e consumo de álcool, deverá continuar a acompanhar todo o conhecimento científico e abordagens ao doente.

The incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has been increasing in the last decades, apparently due to the association of the latest risk factor, HPV, since the rates of this cancer related to other factors like tobacco and alcohol have been decreasing. Only in the US and Western Europe 70% to 80% of cases of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma are associated to HPV, respectively. HPV-positive OPSCC represents a unique biological entity, distinct from the remaining head and neck carcinomas. In addition to the epidemiological characteristics, risk factors and carcinogenesis, there are also clinical and pathological differences. The therapeutic approach of HPV-positive OPSCC remains the same as the non HPV-related carcinomas. However, given the results and associated morbidity, new surgical approaches and treatments deintensification are underway. So far the available results have shown to be quite promising, so it is likely that in future the approach to these tumors will be more targeted based on the characteristics of each individual and those of the tumors. HPV vaccination, so far recommended for other types of tumors, has a potential benefit in reducing the risk of HPV-positive CCEO because it targets genotypes that are also involved in these tumors. Additionally, the education of individuals, with the recommendation of safe sex practices and habits to minimize smoking exposure and alcohol consumption, should continue to go along with all the scientific knowledge and approaches to the patient.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2019

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Carcinoma das células escamosas da orofaringe, Tratamento, Otorrinolaringologia, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Diagnóstico, Vírus do papiloma humano (VPH), Prevenção

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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Cancer Research