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Síndrome de apneia obstrutiva do sono na gravidez

Authors: Melo, Carolina Lourenço Drumonde;

Síndrome de apneia obstrutiva do sono na gravidez

Abstract

A Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono (AOS) caracteriza-se por episódios recorrentes de obstrução parcial ou completa da via aérea superior, resultando em hipoxemia intermitente, oscilações da pressão intratorácica e fragmentação do sono. A prevalência deste distúrbio aumenta durante a gravidez, devido a alterações físicas, fisiológicas e hormonais que ocorrem neste período, apresentando-se a obesidade como um dos fatores de risco mais importantes. A AOS tem sido associada a morbilidade e mortalidade materna e fetal, destacando a pré-eclâmpsia, a diabetes gestacionais, o parto pré-termo e o baixo peso à nascença. Estes efeitos adversos devem-se à ativação simpática, ao aumento do stress oxidativo e a uma resposta inflamatória generalizada provocados pela AOS. Portanto, a identificação precoce dos sintomas, diagnóstico e tratamento de AOS são necessários. O diagnóstico formal é obtido através da polissonografia e o tratamento mais recomendado é o CPAP, tal como na população em geral dada a ausência de guidelines específicas. A informação atual é ainda limitada, sendo necessários mais estudos sobre esta patologia na gravidez.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by repeated parcial or complete episodes of upper airway obstruction, resulting in intermitent hypoxemia, intrathoracic pressure swings and sleep fragmentation. The prevalence of these disturb increase during the pregnancy, due to physical, physiological and hormonal changes which occur in this period, presenting obesity as one major risk factor. OSA has been associated to maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality, standing out preeclampsia, gestacional diabetes, preterm delivery, and low birth weight. These outcomes arise from sympathetic activation, increased oxidative stress and generalized inflammatory response caused by OSA. Thus, early identification of sintoms, diagnosis and treatment of OSA are needed. The gold standard diagnosis is obtained by polysomnography and the treatment most recommended is CPAP, such as in general population given the lack of specific guidelines. The current information is still limited, more studies are needed about these pathology in pregnancy.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2019

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Diabetes gestacional, Otorrinolaringologia, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Gravidez, Pré-eclâmpsia, Morbilidade fetal, Apneia obstrutiva do sono, Pressão Positiva Contínua nas Vias Aéreas (CPAP)

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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Green