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Abordagem da disartria na doença de Parkinson

Authors: Pereira, André Sá da Rocha;

Abordagem da disartria na doença de Parkinson

Abstract

A Doença de Parkinson (DP) afecta aproximadamente 5,9 milhões de pessoas mundialmente. Cerca de 90% das pessoas com DP desenvolvem perturbações na voz e no discurso ao longo do curso da doença, sendo estas traduzidas perceptualmente por uma diminuição do volume da voz, uso impreciso de consoantes e voz monotónica, designadas colectivamente de disartria hipocinética e, acusticamente, por uma diminuição do intervalo de frequência fonatória máxima e um aumento do jitter e do shimmer. Observações por nasolaringoscopia identificaram tremor em vários locais do tracto vocal, nomeadamente no palato, nos aritenóides e em menor grau nas cordas vocais, contrariando a percepção anterior de que o tremor nas cordas vocais era a fonte sintomática da disartria na DP. Existem 5 abordagens terapêuticas que apresentam alguma evidência positiva na disartria da DP, a terapêutica médica com levodopa, a estimulação cerebral profunda, a estimulação magnética transcraniana, a terapia da fala, nomeadamente o LSVT(Lee Silverman Voice Treatment), e a injecção de colagénio nas cordas vocais. A que reúne maior consenso e que apresenta um elevado impacto positivo é o LSVT. A disartria hipocinética é passível de ser tratada, não devendo ser negligenciada pelos clínicos, a sua abordagem requer uma equipa multidisciplinar cujo objectivo principal é a melhoria da qualidade de vida do doente.

There are over 5,9 million people diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease worldwide. About 90% of the patients with PD will eventually develop speech and voice impairment, which manifests perceptually by reduced vocal loudness, imprecise consonants and a monotone voice, collectively called hypokinetic dysarthria, and acoustically by a decrease in maximum phonational frequency range, and a increase of jitter and shimmer. By evaluating the vocal tract using a nasolaryngoscope, tremor was identified in the palate, arytenoids and with less intensity in the vocal folds. This data suggests that the assumption that the source of Parkinson’s disease voice tremor is in the vocal folds is false. There are five treatment modalities for Parkinson’s dysarthria that have had some beneficial effects: medical treatment with levodopa, deep brain stimulation, transcranian magnetic stimulation, speech terapy with the LSVT (Lee Silverman Voice Treatment), and vocal fold augmentation. The LSVT has been the one with better results. Hypokinetic dysarthria can be treated, and it should not be neglected by the clinicians, instead the approach should be multidisciplinar and the main goal should be the patient’s well being.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2019

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Otorrinolaringologia, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Disartria hipocinética, Lee Silverman voice treatment, Doença de Parkinson

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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