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Reabilitação na artropatia hemofílica

Authors: Gomes, Teresa Rocha Cima;

Reabilitação na artropatia hemofílica

Abstract

A hemofilia é uma coagulopatia hereditária provocada por uma deficiência dos fatores VIII ou IX. Manifesta-se por episódios repetidos de hemorragia, atingindo na maioria das vezes o sistema músculo-esquelético, particularmente, sob a forma de hemartroses de repetição. Na ausência de tratamento, a doença evolui, inevitavelmente, para uma condição muito debilitante – Artropatia Hemofílica (AH) – que provoca uma redução drástica da qualidade de vida dos doentes hemofílicos, desde uma idade muito jovem. Assim, deve-se apostar no diagnóstico precoce da doença permitindo, desde cedo, a instituição da profilaxia apropriada da hemorragia com reposição do fator deficiente. Uma vez iniciado o ciclo vicioso que define a artropatia hemofílica, existem várias medidas terapêuticas – sinoviortese, sinovectomia, viscossuplementação, e em último caso cirurgia – que visam diminuir o número de episódios de hemartrose, retardar a evolução da artropatia e aliviar a sintomatologia. Ao longo de todo este processo, a Medicina Física e de Reabilitação assume um papel fundamental, quer numa fase aguda de hemartrose, quer durante a evolução mais crónica da artropatia. De facto, nota-se uma redução do desenvolvimento do compromisso articular, com melhoria dos sintomas e da capacidade funcional para realizar atividades de vida diária. Além disso, acelera o processo de reabsorção de hemorragias intra-articulares prevenindo, em parte, os efeitos nefastos da imobilização, nomeadamente a redução da massa óssea, a atrofia muscular e a destruição articular. Permite, assim, a manutenção ou até um ganho em termos de qualidade de vida dos doentes hemofílicos.

Hemophilia is a hereditary coagulopathy caused by a deficiency of clotting factor VIII or IX. It manifests as repeated bleeding episodes, which mainly affect the musculoskeletal system, particularly as repeated hemarthroses. Without treatment, the disease eventually evolves to a very debilitating condition named Hemophilic Arthropathy, which leads to a drastic reduction in the quality of life of hemophilic patients, since a very young age. Therefore, it’s important to promote an early diagnosis that allows for proper prophylaxis of bleeding episodes with the replacement of the deficient factor. Once the vicious cycle that defines hemophilic arthropathy has begun, several therapeutic approaches can be tried – synoviorthesis, synovectomy, viscoelastic supplementation, and surgery at last which all aim at reducing bleeding episodes, slowing arthropathy progression and alleviating patient symptoms. Along the whole process, rehabilitation and physical therapy assume an essential part, either in the acute phase of hemarthrosis, or during the chronic evolution of the arthropathy. In fact, it achieves a reduction in the development of articular compromise and an improvement in symptoms and functional capacity to everyday activities. Furthermore, it accelerates intraarticular hemorrhage reabsorption and partially prevents the negative effects of immobilization, namely bone mass reduction, muscular atrophy and articular destruction. Hence, it allows the manutention or even a gain in terms of quality of life of hemophilic patients.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2018

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Artropatia hemofílica, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Reabilitação física, Hemartrose, Sinovite

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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