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Um caso de colite ulcerosa fulminante

Authors: Duarte, Sara Laranjo;

Um caso de colite ulcerosa fulminante

Abstract

A Colite ulcerosa (CU) é uma das doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DII). Envolve a mucosa cólica de forma contínua, podendo afetar apenas o reto ou estender-se a todo o cólon. Em relação à gravidade da doença podemos ter formas de doença ligeira bem como formas muito graves com mortalidade apreciável se não forem tratadas de forma atempada. Apesar da sua etiologia permanecer desconhecida, pensa-se que a etiopatogenia da doença se relacione com uma resposta inapropriada contra a própria flora intestinal. Caso clínico: Doente do sexo feminino, 55 anos, ex-fumadora, diagnosticada com proctite ulcerosa ligeira e medicada com 5-ASA enema e oral. Apesar da terapêutica ser escalada para corticoides, quatro meses após o diagnóstico, a doença evolui para um quadro de colite fulminante associada a choque hipovolémico, anemia aguda, coagulação intravascular disseminada (CID) complicada por trombose portomesentérica, isquémia hepática e intestinal e evidência serológica de infeção a citomegalovírus (CMV). No contexto de colite fulminante iniciou neste período infliximab. No mês seguinte, ainda sob corticoterapia, a doente apresentou nova agudização compatível com colite severa, mas desta vez com evidência imunohistoquímica de colite por CMV. Dada a ausência de resposta ao infliximab, alterou-se a terapêutica para vedolizumab, encontrando-se atualmente com a doença controlada. Discussão: Este é um caso de uma CU com rápida evolução de proctite ulcerosa ligeira para pancolite fulminante, que permitiu discutir vários aspetos relacionados com o diagnóstico e tratamento desta doença bem como possíveis causas para este agravamento súbito. Conclusão: A Colite Ulcerosa pode ter um espectro de extensão e gravidade muito diverso. O curso galopante desta doença associado a um conjunto de complicações e fatores de risco contribuem para atribuir a este caso um prognóstico reservado.

Introduction: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). It is characterized by continuous inflammation of the mucosa, which can affect only the rectum or extend throughout the colon. The spectrum of disease extension and severity varies considerably. Although its etiology remains unknown, it is thought to be a result of an inappropriate response against host’s intestinal flora. Case report: Female patient, 55 years old, former smoker, diagnosed with mild ulcerative proctitis and medicated with 5-ASA, enema together with oral administration. Despite escalating therapy to steroids, four months after the diagnose, the disease progressed rapidly to fulminant colitis associated with hypovolemic shock, acute anemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation complicated by portalomesenteric thrombosis, hepatic and intestinal ischemia, and serological evidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. In this context of fulminant UC, infliximab was started. In the following month, still under corticotherapy, the patient presented new acute exacerbation compatible with severe colitis, but this time with immunohistochemical evidence of CMV colitis. Due to the lack of response to infliximab, treatment was altered to vedolizumab, with disease control so far. Discussion: I present a case of a UC with rapid evolution from mild ulcerative proctitis to severe pancolitis, allowing a discussion of multiple aspects related to disease diagnosis and treatment as well as potencial causes for this dismal outcome. Conclusion: UC can present across a wide spectrum of extension and severity. The association of multiple complications together with treatment refractoriness carries a poor prognosis to this case.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2018

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Colite fulminante, Infeção por citomegalovírus, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Colite ulcerosa, Síndrome de hipercoagulabilidade, Doença inflamatória intestinal, Trombose venosa

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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