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Referenciação de recém-nascidos para hipotermia induzida : o que pode melhorar?

Authors: Rebelo, Maria de Meneses da Silva;

Referenciação de recém-nascidos para hipotermia induzida : o que pode melhorar?

Abstract

Introdução: Em recém-nascidos (RN) de termo com encefalopatia hipóxico-isquémica (EHI) moderada a grave a hipotermia terapêutica é uma técnica neuroprotectora segura e eficaz, com redução do risco de morte ou sequelas neurológicas. Os RN com EHI ligeira não têm indicação para hipotermia, considerando os riscos do tratamento e o prognóstico favorável. Objectivo: Avaliar os RN referenciados para hipotermia induzida, comparando as características e factores de risco entre os tratados e os não tratados, assim como analisar as razões que levaram a exclusão para hipotermia. Métodos: Comparou-se 102 RN tratados, sendo os dados recolhidos de forma prospectiva, com 29 RN não tratados com recolha através da consulta de processos clínicos. A análise estatística foi realizada através dos testes t de amostras independentes e teste ANOVA com e sem post-hoc. Resultados: No grupo tratado verificou-se maior frequência de parto distócico, patologia durante a gravidez, evento sentinela, utilização de compressões torácicas, reanimação prolongada, e convulsões. Observou-se também alterações mais graves no score de Thompson, Apgar (IA) aos 10 minutos, pH, défice de bases, e aEEG. No grupo não tratado verificou-se que o critério predominante para não realizar hipotermia era o não cumprimento dos critérios de inclusão conjuntamente com aEEG e exame neurológico normais. Conclusões: Uma percentagem elevada dos RN referenciados não tem indicação para tratamento (29/131). A vigilância clínica, apoiada pelo uso de escalas clínicas como a de Thompson e o reconhecimento de padrões normais do aEEG, evitaria referenciações desnecessárias para hipotermia. A presença de scores de Thompson elevados, IA baixos aos 10 minutos, a necessidade de compressões torácicas e de reanimação prolongada, assim como a ocorrência de convulsões poderão ser factores preditivos de encefalopatia moderada a grave e da necessidade de hipotermia. O Trabalho Final exprime a opinião do autor e não da FML.

Introduction: In term newborns with moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), therapeutic hypothermia is safe and effective. It has proven to reduce mortality and neurologic sequelae significantly. Newborns with mild HIE don’t have indication for hypothermia, considering the treatment’s risks and the favorable prognosis. Objective: To evaluate newborns referred for hypothermia, comparing the characteristics and risk factors between the treated group and the non-treated group, as well as studying the reasons that led to exclusion from treatment. Methods: 102 treated newborns, being this data withdrawn prospectively, were compared with 29 non-treated newborns with data withdrawn retrospectively from clinical records. The statistical analysis was made by t-independent sample tests and ANOVA tests with and without post-hoc. Results: The treated group had a greater percentage of distocic labour, pregnancy pathology, sentinel events, use of thoracic compressions, prolonged reanimation and seizures. There were also more serious alterations on Thompson’s score, 10 minute Apgar, pH, basis deficit and aEEG. In the non-treated group the major criteria not to induce hypothermia was the lack of inclusion criteria, together with normal aEEG and neurologic examination. Conclusion: A large percentage of newborns referred don’t have indication for treatment (29/131). Clinical exam, supported by the use of clinical scales as the one from Thompson and the recognition of normal patterns on aEEG, would avoid unnecessary referrals for hypothermia. High Thompson scores, low 10 minute Apgar, the need for thoracic compressions and prolonged reanimation as well as seizure occurrence, could constitute predictive factors of moderate/severe encephalopathy with need of hypothermia. The Final Work expresses the author’s opinion, not FML’s.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2018

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Encefalopatia hipóxico-isquémica, Pediatria, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Hipotermia induzida, Recém-nascido

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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Green