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Master thesis . 2020
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Nutrição e cataratas

Authors: Almeida, Júlio da Costa e;

Nutrição e cataratas

Abstract

As cataratas são uma das maiores causas de cegueira a nível mundial. Esta condição clínica é caracterizada pela opacificação patológica do cristalino, causada maioritariamente pela oxidação dos seus componentes. A cirurgia é o tratamento de primeira linha quando progressão da doença afeta significativamente a qualidade de vida do doente. Desta forma, reconhecidos que são os riscos associados a todos os atos cirúrgicos e, dado o processo fisiopatológico do desenvolvimento das cataratas, tentou perceber-se qual a influência que os vários nutrientes constantes na dieta habitual da população poderiam ter nesta patologia. Esta possível associação é consubstanciada pelas caraterísticas fisiológicas, bioquímicas e moleculares dos nutrientes, que poderão ter atividade na estrutura e no metabolismo do cristalino, tanto atividade essa que pode ser benéfica, neutra como deletéria. Assim, os nutrientes atuando numa fase precoce da doença podem ter um impacto a longo prazo na prevenção desta e atrasar procedimentos que, apesar da sua simplicidade, acarretam custos para a sociedade. Para além dos nutrientes e padrão dietético, analisou-se a possível influência que o estado nutricional, avaliado pelo índice de massa corporal, poderia ter no risco de desenvolvimento de cataratas. Esta revisão da literatura sumariza o conhecimento atual sobre a nutrição e o seu potencial papel na prevenção das cataratas e na manutenção de uma boa visão entre os afetados por esta doença.

Cataracts are one of the biggest causes of blindness worldwide. This clinical condition is characterized by the pathological opacification of the lens, caused mainly by the oxidation of its components. Surgery is the first-line of treatment when the disease progression significantly affects the patient quality of life. As such, we recognize the risks associated with all surgical procedures and, given the pathophysiological process of cataract development, we attempted to understand what influence the various nutrients in the current diet of the population could have on this pathology. This possible association is consubstantiated by the physiological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of the nutrients, which may have activity in the structure and metabolism of the lens, activity that can be beneficial, neutral and deleterious. Thus, nutrients action at an early stage of the disease can have a long-term impact on disease prevention and delay procedures that, despite their simplicity, are costly for society. In addition to nutrients and dietary pattern, we analyzed the possible influence that the nutritional status, evaluated by body mass index, could have on the risk of developing cataracts. This review of the literature summarizes current knowledge about nutrition and its potential role in preventing cataracts and maintaining good eyesight among those affected by the disease.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2018

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Oftalmologia, Catarata, Vitaminas, Nutrientes

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green