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Rinite alérgica em idade pediátrica

Authors: Rocha, Daniela Pereira da;

Rinite alérgica em idade pediátrica

Abstract

A rinite, corresponde à inflamação da mucosa nasal, que se caracteriza por crises esternutatórias, rinorreia, congestão e prurido nasal. A rinite alérgica é o subtipo mais frequente. É uma condição extremamente comum, afetando aproximadamente 23% da população mundial, sendo igualmente frequente na idade pediátrica. Esta patologia resulta de uma anormal reação imunológica, em indivíduos que produzem Imunoglobulina E (IgE) específicas para determinados alergénios. A IgE é responsável pelo recrutamento dos mastócitos, que respondem através da produção de mediadores inflamatórios. A histamina libertada está na origem da sintomatologia mais precoce, predominantemente na produção de muco, prurido nasal e obstrução nasal. Embora a rinite alérgica per si, não seja potencialmente fatal, a morbilidade da doença pode ser significativa. Quando não tratados, os sintomas podem ser prejudiciais para a criança, comprometendo a qualidade do sono e o seu rendimento escolar. O tratamento passa primeiramente por anti-histamínicos de segunda geração, que são extremamente eficazes nos primeiros sintomas que surgem após contacto com o alergénio, e corticosteroides inalatórios, que permitem reduzir a inflamação alérgica e melhorar a obstrução nasal. Não descurando as medidas de prevenção, fulcrais na redução das exacerbações, redução do impacto epidemiológico e socioeconómico e na melhoria da qualidade de vida do doente.

Rhinitis corresponds to inflammation of the nasal mucosa, which is characterized by sneezing attacks, rhinorrhoea, congestion and nasal pruritus. Allergic rhinitis is the most frequent subtype. It is an extremely common condition, affecting approximately 23% of the world population, and highly frequent in the paediatric population. This pathology results from an abnormal immune reaction in individuals who produce immunoglobulin E (IgE) specific for certain allergens. IgE is responsible for the triggering of mast cells, which respond through the production of inflammatory mediators. Released histamine is at the origin of the earliest symptomatology, predominantly in the production of mucus, nasal pruritus and nasal obstruction. Although allergic rhinitis per se is not potentially fatal, the morbidity of the disease may be significant. When untreated, symptoms can be harmful to the child, compromising sleep quality and school performance. Treatment is primarily based on second-generation antihistamines, which are extremely effective in the first symptoms after contact with the allergen, and inhaled corticosteroids, which can reduce allergic inflammation and improve nasal obstruction. Preventive measures should not be neglected, as they are essential in reducing exacerbations, reducing the epidemiological and socioeconomic impact and improving the quality of life of the patient.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2018

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Pediatria, Otorrinolaringologia, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Alergia, Rinite alérgica

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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