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Hipertrofia da amígdala lingual

Authors: Soares, Catarina Cabral;

Hipertrofia da amígdala lingual

Abstract

A Amígdala Lingual é um elemento do anel de Waldeyer que tem sido negligenciado na prática clínica. Pela sua localização e composição em tecido linfoide, alterações desta estrutura, nomeadamente da sua dimensão, são passíveis de provocar sintomas faríngeos incomodativos (globus faríngeo, sensação irritativa na garganta, necessidade constante de engolir ou de pigarrear, tosse irritativa, alteração da voz, rouquidão, voz nasalada, respiração ruidosa) e até colocar a vida em risco pela obstrução da via aérea. A Hipertrofia da Amígdala lingual é precisamente a alteração patológica mais comum desta estrutura e pode ser consequência de infeções crónicas, imunossupressão, Doença do Refluxo Gastroesofágico, Doença Alérgica Crónica e até Hiperplasia Folicular Reativa, secundária a adenoidectomia e amigdalectomia. Dado o aumento fisiológico do tecido linfoide e o estreitamento relativo da via aérea na criança, esta patologia tem maior importância clínica na infância, sendo bastante rara durante a idade adulta. É particularmente significativa na etiologia de Síndrome de Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono persistente pós-adenoamigdalectomia nas crianças com Síndrome de Down. É pouco provável detetar Hipertrofia da Amígdala Lingual num exame de rotina da orofaringe. Apenas um alto nível de suspeição clínica que conduza a posterior investigação imagiológica complementar permite o diagnóstico da mesma. A amigdalectomia lingual mostrou ser eficaz no tratamento desta patologia.

The lingual tonsil is an element of Waldeyer’s ring that has been neglected in clinical practice. Due to its location and composition in lymphoid tissue, alteration in this structure, and in particular its size, are liable to provoke uncomfortable pharyngeal symptoms (globus pharyngeus, scratchy sensation in the throat, throat clearing, dry cough, vocal changes, hoarseness, nasal voice and noisy respiration) and even endanger life by airway obstruction. Hypertrophy of the Lingual Tonsils is precisely the most common pathological alteration of this structure and may be a consequence of chronic infections, immunosuppression, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, chronic allergic disease and even Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia secondary to adenotonsillectomy. Due to the physiological increase of the lymphoid tissue and the relative narrowing of the airway in children, this pathology has greater clinical importance in childhood, being rare during adulthood. It is particularly significant in the etiology of persistent obstructive sleep apnea after adenotonsillectomy in children with Down’s Syndrome. It is unlikely to detect Hypertrophy of Lingual Tonsil during a routine examination of the oropharynx. Only a high level of clinical suspicion that leads to further imaging investigation allows the correct diagnosis. Lingual tonsillectomy has been proven to be effective in treating this pathology.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2018

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Hipertrofia, Otorrinolaringologia, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Amígdala lingual, Hiperplasia folicular reativa

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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Green