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Perda auditiva associada ao ruído em motociclistas

Authors: Patrício, Bernardo João Lopes;

Perda auditiva associada ao ruído em motociclistas

Abstract

A perda auditiva induzida pelo ruído está, atualmente, entre as primeiras causas de morbilidade relacionada com a atividade profissional. A crescente preocupação, em termos legislativos e sociais, de proteção do indivíduo alvo de perda auditiva não é, contudo, extensível aos motociclistas que diariamente fazem uso deste meio de transporte para fins profissionais nem, tão pouco, aos utilizadores que o privilegiam para fins pessoais e de lazer. As consequências da condução diária e inerente exposição prolongada a ruídos intensos causados pelo fluxo turbulento do vento, som do motor, circulação na estrada e restantes ruídos da via pública são conhecidas, e conduzem à progressiva perda auditiva. Os utilizadores diários reportam as consequências desta exposição, destacando a curto prazo acufenos e diminuição transitória do limiar auditivo, que pode durar até 30 minutos após uma viagem, e, a longo prazo, a perda auditiva definitiva. Em vários ensaios realizados na tentativa de quantificar os níveis sonoros a que estão expostos os motociclistas dentro do capacete, obtiveram-se, sistematicamente, resultados que comprovam que, dependendo das condições do teste, são facilmente atingidas intensidades até 107dB excedendo o valor previsto por regulamentações internacionais. Estes resultados imprimem um caráter emergente ao estudo de soluções que vão desde adaptações simples no capacete, como melhor isolamento e aerodinâmica, passando pelo próprio motociclo, com para-brisas que melhor desviem o fluxo turbulento de ar do capacete, até tecnologias mais avançadas, como sistemas de Controlo Ativo de Ruído, adaptado de capacetes de aviação. Estas soluções mostraram-se ainda medíocres, com o Controlo Ativo de Ruído a destacar-se em teoria, com a maior taxa de redução de intensidade sonora, mas com necessidade de ser eficazmente implantado em capacetes de motociclismo. Atualmente, as soluções existentes não constituem uma resposta definitiva, o que tenderá a motivar a pesquisa por medidas realmente eficazes que garantam a utilização segura dos motociclos.

Noise-induced hearing lost is nowadays among the first causes of occupational-related morbidity, raising concerns regarding both legislation and social protection of the individual. However, there is not actual concern about motorcyclists working with this means of transport, nor users for personal / leisure purposes. The consequences of daily driving, and inherent prolonged exposure to intense noise caused by turbulent wind, engine sound, road traffic and other street noises are known, and lead to progressive hearing loss. Daily users also report feeling the consequences of this exposure. Short-term tinnitus and transitory hearing threshold shift, which can last up to 30 minutes after a trip, and in the long run, to definitive hearing loss. Several tests were carried out in an attempt to quantify the sound levels to which the motorcyclists are exposed inside the helmet, and the results showed that they exceed even what is predicted by international regulations, reaching intensities of up to 107 dB depending on the test conditions. The results motivated the search for solutions. From simple adaptations in the helmet (such as better insulation and aerodynamics,) and in the motorcycle (with windshields that better deflect the turbulent flow of air from the helmet), to more advanced technologies such as Active Noise Control systems - adapted from aviation helmets. Many of these attempts at finding a solution have proved to be insufficient, with Active Noise Control having the highest rate of reduction of sound intensity, but requiring efficient adaptations to motorcycle helmets. We are still lacking an effective and definitive solution, which may motivate the search for increasingly effective measures that make the use of motorcycles more comfortable and safe.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2018

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Controlo ativo de ruído, Otorrinolaringologia, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Ruído, Perda auditiva, Motociclistas

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green