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Acute-on-chronic liver failure

Authors: Monteiro, Aurora Moura de Pinho;

Acute-on-chronic liver failure

Abstract

A acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) é uma entidade clínica que pode ser definida como uma deterioração aguda da função hepática em doentes com doença hepática crónica, geralmente associada a um evento precipitante, associada a falência de um ou mais órgãos e com uma elevada taxa de mortalidade a curto prazo. É hoje considerada uma entidade nova distinta da clássica descompensação aguda, não só devido à presença de falência orgânica e elevada mortalidade, mas também por ocorrer em idades mais jovens, estar mais associada à cirrose hepática de etiologia alcoólica, a maior prevalência de determinados eventos precipitantes e à intensa resposta inflamatória a que está associada. O transplante hepático é uma opção de tratamento potencialmente curativa e tem demonstrado bons resultados, em casos seleccionados. Os sistemas de suporte hepático extracorporal, a terapia com G-CSF (Granulocyte colony stimulating factor) e o transplante de células estaminais são alternativas que se encontram na vanguarda da abordagem terapêutica da ACLF. A presente revisão centra-se na compreensão da ACLF a nível clínico, do seu prognóstico e fisiopatologia bem como da abordagem terapêutica actual e potenciais alvos terapêuticos futuros.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a clinical entity encompassing an acute deterioration of liver function in patients with chronic liver disease, which is usually associated with a precipitating event and results in the failure of one or more organs and high short term mortality. ACLF is now considered as a new entity that is distinct from classic acute decompensation not only because of the presence of organ failure(s) and high short-term mortality but also because it occurs in younger patients, it associates with a higher prevalence of alcoholic etiology of cirrhosis, higher prevalence of some precipitants and more intense systemic inflammatory response. Liver transplantation is a potentially curative treatment option that has showed to have good outcomes in a subset of patients. Bioartificial liver support systems, granulocyte-colony stimulating factors or stem cell transplantation are in the horizon of medical care of this patient population. This review focuses upon the current understanding of ACLF from the clinical, prognostic and pathophysiologic perspectives and indicates potential therapeutic targets for intervention.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2018

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Acute-on-chronic liver failure, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Evento precipitante, Falência orgânica, Gastroenterologia

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green