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Formações e classes de Fitting

Authors: Nobre, Isabel José Capelo Ferreira;

Formações e classes de Fitting

Abstract

Em Teoria dos Grupos, variedades, formações e classes de Fitting têm sido objeto de vasto estudo, sendo as classes de Fitting as classes, digamos, duais das formações. No âmbito dos Semigrupos Inversos, as variedades têm sido muito estudadas mas o mesmo não sucede com formações ou com classes de Fitting, sendo que o primeiro problema reside em encontrar as definições adequadas. É conhecido um conceito de formação para álgebras em geral e, portanto, para semigrupos inversos. Porém, este nem sempre permite obter os resultados desejados, o que nos levou a considerar formações especiais correspondentes a morfismos que separam idempotents, ditas i-formações. No que respeita a encontrar uma “boa” definição de classe de Fitting as dificuldades foram ainda maiores. Tomámos como ponto de partida o estudo de formações e de classes de Fitting de grupos, tendo começado por estudar as classes dos grupos nilpotentes e dos grupos solúveis; que constituem exemplos de variedades, de formações e de classes de Fitting. Por outro lado, no âmbito dos semigrupos estudámos várias classes, e no caso dos semigrupos inversos mostrou-se essencial estudar a caracterização de congruências via kernel-traço para uso posterior. Partindo de classes de grupos considerámos certas classes de semigrupos inversos associados, discutindo o impacto, umas nas outras, de serem variedade, formação ou classe de Fitting. Em alguns casos, os resultados obtidos foram apenas para semigrupos de Clifford. Atendendo à importância de saber como construir, em teoria dos grupos, um produto de formações ou de classes de Fitting que seja ainda uma classe do mesmo tipo, procurámos encontrar no caso inverso classes que fossem fechadas para certos produtos. É importante ter presente que todos os semigrupos e grupos considerados neste trabalho são finitos, excepto se se disser explicitamente o contrário, e que esta dissertação não constitui um trabalho fechado, pois nela deixamos várias questões em aberto que planeamos continuar a explorar. Para além de perguntas no contexto inverso, colocam-se-nos problemas, por exemplo, no campo dos semigrupos completamente regulares ou no dos semigrupos ortodoxos, onde também podemos querer discutir classes do tipo formação ou de Fitting.

In Group Theory, varieties, formations and Fitting classes have been object of extensive study, with the last being the "dual case" of formations. In the context of Inverse Semigroups, varieties have been widely studied, but the same is not true of formations or Fitting classes, with the first problem being finding the right definitions. There is a general concept of formation known for algebras in general, and, therefore, for inverse semigroups. However, this concept may not allow us to obtain the desired results, which led us to consider special formations corresponding to morphisms that separate idempotents, so called i-formations. In terms of finding a “good” definition of a Fitting class the difficulties were even greater. We took as a starting point the study of formations and Fitting classes of groups, having started by studying the classes of nilpotent groups and soluble groups, which are examples of varieties, formations and Fitting classes. On the other hand, in the realm of semigroups we studied several classes, and in the case of inverse semigroups it became essential to study the characterization of congruences via kerneltrace, for later use. Starting from group classes we considered certain associated inverse semigroup classes, discussing the impact on each other of being a variety, a formation, or a Fitting class. In some cases, the results obtained were only for Clifford semigroups. Given the importance of knowing how to build, in group theory, a product of formations or of Fitting classes that still is a class of the same type, naturally we sought to find in the inverse case classes that are closed for certain products. It’s important to keep in mind that all semigroups and groups considered in this study are finite, unless explicitly stated otherwise, and that this dissertation is not a closed work, for in it we leave several open questions that we plan to explore further. In addition to questions in the inverse context, problems arise, for example, in the field of completely regular semigroups or in the orthodox ones, where we may also want to discuss classes of formation or Fitting kind.

Tese de mestrado, Matemática, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2019

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Classe de Fitting, Formação, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Naturais::Matemáticas, Teses de mestrado - 2019, Grupos, Semigrupos inversos

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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